Know how Ambedkar Is Unique World Personality .

Know how Ambedkar Is Unique World Personality . (With reverence on Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar’s 131th Jayanti falling on 14th April,2022). By:- Er. Hem Raj Phonsa( Jammu) Contact: hrphonsa@gmail.com and 09419134060 Buddha Purnima is celebrated on the full moon of the month of Vaisakh (2nd month of Vikrami Samvat) which generally falls in the Month of April-May each year. Bharat Ratna Dr. Ambedkar was born on 14th April,1891(Tuesday) in Mhow Military Chawni (Now Ambedkar Nagar) present day Madhya Pradesh. Many refused to join is birthday celebration arranged in Bombay by his admirers for his life time achievements on his birthday. But on faithful analysis of Dr Baba Saheb’s contribution in large fields, now millions across world keep waiting yearlong for celebrating this day with gaiety and reverence. He belonged to Mahar an untouchable caste of Hindu religion hierarchy. Dr Ambedkar was 14th child of revered Ramji Malogi Sakhpal and Bhimabai . His ancestors served in army. His grandfather shri Maloji Sakpal retired as Havaldar from the Bombay Army of the East India Company and was awarded a piece of land for his bravery in battle field. His father served as a Headmaster in army school and retired as Subedar Major. Bhimrao Ambedkar also joined Baroda state army as lieutenant for a brief period to keep family tradition. When unbiased India evaluated Dr Baba Saheb’s worth, country’s Political Managers awarded him India’s highest civil Award BHARAT RATANA (posthumously) in 1990. Mike Hurley Mayor city of Burnaby, Canada declared 14th April as “Dr B.R. Ambedkar Day of Equality”. Dr Baba sahib Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar was an Indian jurist, philosopher, anthropologist, Buddhist activist, revolutionary politician, writer, and relentless fighter against man made inequalities. He was world’s top economist with two economic doctorates Ph.D. (Columbia) D.Sc. (UK). Dr. Baba Saheb was a jurist, who earned his Bar-At- Law from Gray’s Inn (London), where he is only Indian whose Portrait is displayed and a Room in complex unveiled after his name. He was also a social scientist and emancipator of weak, deprived humanity including women. He sailed against Indian political winds and still won. Dr. Ambedkar became synonymous with a mission, personification as relentless fighter and fearless crusader for rights of the poor, deprived, untouchable besides women. He never shirked to make supreme sacrifice for a chosen cause. Hierarchy law of his land, social sympathy and illiteracy of untouchables were against him, still he won to make revolutionary changes in them all. He worked 18 hours and at limes , lived on single loaf of bread. The day his young son died he left home for London to attend RTC. Only it was he, who could, board ship even without attending his son’s funeral. The British Government had invited representative of untouchables along with others, to attend RTC’s to put forth safety guidelines for guarding interests of Hindu untouchable in the future Constitution of free India , on getting freedom. Dr. Ambedkar, who had faced world’s worst financial crises and his own religious hate, attracted world opinion due to his most impressive speech in the First Round Table Conference 1930-31. An untouchable Mahar, who was denied water and shelter when needed most, was heard by about 150(1st RTC) best brains of British Government, British ruled India ( Pakistan East, West included) with Burma . World press representatives in large number were also in attendance in RTCs. Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar by virtue of his hard-earned education and super intelligence mental power earned the historic distinction to “AN UNTOUCHABLE, BREAK BREAD WITH A PRINCE AND A KNIGHT”, which had never happened before. Sir Sayajirao Gaikwad III Maharaja of Baroda called him at a sumptuous Royal Dinner party at his London residence. Many other Indian kings were also invited. Maharaja with tears of joy in his eyes introduced Dr. Ambedkar to his queen "The efforts and money I have spent on the speaker of the day (Ambedkar) were all realized". It was an achievement, a glorious success. The world press evaluated this speech as best and most impressive out of speeches of all others who spoke in First RTC. Baba Saheb participated in all three RTCs and earned “Dual Voting Rights” for his people. Both Sudra, present time Backward classes, Chhatrapati Kings Sir Siya Ji Giakward (Koli, कौली) Of Baroda State and Sahu Ji Maharaj Of Kohlapur ( Kumbi, कुर्मी,, Teli, तेली oil presser),Dr. Ambedkar’s times , helped him to attain heights in education. Both these kings respected Mahatam Phuley and his teaching. Being Dr. Ambedkar means getting world recognition only by his hard work and unblemished Personal Character. He had the strength to stand alone in a crowd but be heard with apt attention even by his adversaries. On principles Dr. Ambedkar never compromised easily. He opposed Mahatma Gandhi for bating against interests of untouchables, where their life goals differed. Gandhi worked for Indian freedom but Dr. Ambedkar for Indian freedom with freedom of his people from upper caste Hindus inhuman clutches. He described untouchables as slaves to British slaves. Still Mahatma Gandhi recognized his self- restrained bitterness for his chosen cause in a speech (Outside II R Table Conference) saying “I have the highest regards for Dr. Ambedkar. He has every right to be bitter; that he does not break our heads is an act of self- restraint on his part.” It was Gandhi who proposed his name for Chairman of the Indian Constitution Drafting Committee otherwise Nehru and Patel were not supportive. The caste hates and insults faced by Dr. Ambedkar imbibed in him a sense to struggle for getting higher education and use it as a tool to fight for regaining lost human rights of his people. However, he never treated his opponents with anguish for caste hate treatment he faced himself. He attained zenith of educated not in India but world over. Later he created quality education avenues for people of all castes. This gave him courage to fight for the rights of those who were reduced to the level even worse than animals. As child, Bhim had to get education while sitting outside class room on a sack mat brought from his house. While answering a question asked by a vising team of education officer as to name an object which we can be seen but cannot be touched. Bhim answered “HIS SCHOOL WATER PITCHER”, which was farthest object for him, which he can see but cannot touch. The courageous Bhim later succeeded to bear crown laden with MA, PhD, DSc, Bar-at- Law, LL. D highest academic degree rubies.His wisdom when recognized outside India valued it.So we find his portraits adore many International, National walls and pedestals like the Gray’s Inn room, Office of Russian President, LSE Library London, Museum of Columbia University among the few besides dozens of his statues in foreign lands. Dr. Ambedkar was a speaking museum so said his Biographer D. Keer. A child whose hair no barber dare cut for fear of getting polluted made a name with his memorials out numbering worldwide than anyone else from his contemporaries. A student who was said to get his name Ambedkar ( Ambaware was his last name after his place of birth) from his school teacher is now recognized as Symbol of Knowledge. A man, whose father faces odds to purchase books for his son, later became Father Of Indian Constitution,besides a writer of over two dozens of bestselling books and owner of a private library having 50, 000, a world’s record. American President Barak Obama said, had Ambedkar been born in America they would have named him “ SUN”. British Queen Elizabeth said "It is a matter of sadness that the great human Dr. Ambedkar was born in India, if he had been born in any other country, he would have got respect in the universal world. An out-caste child whose father failed to note date of his birth. Bhim ’s uncle took him to school for admission on 7th November1900,later earned honor of annual celebration of his school entry day 7th November as Vidyarthi Divas “Student’s Day” across Maharashtra State ( PTI Mumbai Nov.5 2017). Dr Ambedkar a life-long student, who had cultivated his interest to learn throughout his life, entered his first school on 7th Nov.1900 at Pratap Singh High School in the state's Satara district at serial number '1914' in the school register with his signature against his name. In a galaxy of freedom stars in India Dr. Baba Saheb proved “ Polar Star” and besides his country’s freedom , he worked for emancipation of 15% ( some parts of India had over 25%) Indian population who were exploited in Hindu religion. Columbia University (USA), which have produced 95 Noble laureates, drew out a list of its Alums for 250 years (2004) of the “persons who changed the world” and declared Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar’s name at serial number “ONE”. ( Ref:Forward Press Jan1,2013,Ambedkar : Greatest World Changer among Alumi of Columbia University) India will remain indebted to Dr. Baba Saheb for writings its Sovereign, Secular, Socialist, Democratic Constitution, ensuring equality (status, worship, promotion, worship, opportunity), justice, (Social, political and economic), Liberty of (though, expression, belief, faith and worship) with an urge to promote fraternity among all Citizens for national unity and integrity of our Nation. Indian women’s need be grateful to “Angle Ambedkar” whose long struggle succeeded to cut their age-old slavery chains and gave them freedom to fly high in sky, leaving behind “kitchen” their past time confined world. Buddhist World need be grateful to Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar to bring back Buddhism to its land of birth “India” after 2200 years. Bhuddism is only one world religion( Dhamm, way to live) which preached compassion for all, irrespect of his/her religeous tag Labour and toiling class need be grateful to Dr. Baba Saheb for bringing about sea changes, in old order for their working as working hours (12/14hrs to 8 hours), annual leave, equal wages for equal work irrespective of sex of a worker, paid maturity leave, health schemes, insurance, establishing Recruitment Boards and many more acts Dr Baba Saheb accomplished for them. Let us all join hands in celebrating Dr Baba Saheb’s 131 Jayanti falling on 14th April,2022 as "International Equality Day" andpledge to bring up India as per our Constitution spirit. By: Er.H.R.Phonsa,Jammu Words 1718. Dated 12April,2022

Inequality and Amity do not mix well.

Inequality and Amity do not mix well. By: -Er. H. R. Phonsa, Jammu Human supported imbalances generate inequality and these create greatest hurdle in human unity. These resist unity and peace efforts by good hearted souls. Therefore human caused miseries, hate , enmity and imbalances become cause of fights, ill will, so scuttle efforts for universal peace and brotherhood. World religious philosophies and holy guides were(are) for universal peace. Buddha preached “Those who are free of resentful thoughts surely find peace -”. The Hindu Great Mantra is “Sarve VAVANTU Sukhina, Sarve Santu Niramiya ( Meaning: May all sentient beings be at peace ,may no one suffer from illness, May all see what is auspicious, may no one suffer”. The Holy Qur’an 59:23 lays “Peace is one of the names of God himself”. Holy Bible quotes “God blesses those who work for peace, for they will be called the children of God (Matthew 5:9). With the passage of time human picked up many flaws, weaknesses like ego, greed, self, hate etc. These weaknesses at times degraded God’s top of the creation (Human) even below the level of animals. India which is one along the oldest world Civilisations is in the grip of manmade inequality ,perhaps more than many world countries. So majority of Indians think, that with the passage of time, they as a nation, are drifting more and more away from of Mantra of Sarve Vavantu Sukhina---. Religious fanaticism and ill will is now raising head un-abated can cause sever blows to our unity . Good hearted people who wish better future for their country, at times share their worries and timely warning. Some of the major hurdles adversely affecting our national unity, they point out are identifies here. Among the worst factors hindering unity efforts , people feel is the human divide on castes (Particularly Hindus) damaged Hindus beyond repairs. The caste system in Hindus divided them into Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishya, Sudras, four castes. With passage of time this divide generated Fifth category of Ati Sudras. The caste creation divided different work for different castes, so actually divided workers. This might not be the original thinking of caste originators but it actually proved as worker’s divide so that workers may not put united resistance against excesses on them. This casted suspicions on the caste divide originator’s deliberate act, for punishing all those who once resisted Aryan invasion. This divide, categorised not only work but wages, privileges, so denying all decent means of life for all women, Sudras and Ati Sudras. The caste divide was declared as an act on God’s will. Unfortunately, in India identity and worth of an individual was valued on the basis of one’s caste at birth. The caste system has damaged Indian more than any other single factor. In India caste divide made easy the spread of foreign land religions like Christianity and Islam. Fragmentation of Hindus in many religious and faith groups had linking one way or the other with caste divides and unfounded hate by high caste organizers. Hurdles are created in religion change by an individual instead concentrating to reform , uproot, burn all ever pain pricking points. Even right-thinking individuals do not pick up required strength to say, a spade a spade, so the caste hate continues. Keeping interests of their country and its people our revolutionary Bhagti Movement (14th to 17th century) Saints discarded caste factor, so preached value of an individual on his/her worth not birth. Their massage was of love, affection for all by all. Visionary persons follow teaching of all such saintly persons with conviction, like “Mera updesh Choun Varno Ko Sanja” Meaning my teaching for all four castes persons, (Guru Nanak). Another par excellent Saint Sadguru Kabir said “ Jatt naa Pusho Sadh Ki Push Lejgo Gyan, Mol Karo Talwar Ka Parra Rehin Do Mayan”. Meaning: One should consider qualities of a person, a saint, leaving aside castes considerations as one should negotiate cost of Sword not of Covering casing. Like other saints Sri Guru Ravidas Ji proclaimed “ Jatt Nahi , Jagdish Ki, Harjan Ki Kya Hoye, Jatt Patt ki Keech Main Doob Maro Mat Koi”, Meaning the Creator has no caste, so how can His creation have it, I advise people to not get mud coating and die a meaning less death. Guru Ravidas again proclaimed “ Jatt Jatt Main Jatt Hai,Jyon Kellam Ke Patt,Ravidas naa Manush Jurr Sake,Jaa Loo Jatt Naa Jatt,Meaning : Every caste has a caste with in it as in the banana tree,Ravidas saith Humanity cannot unite till caste is not annihilated. Although Efforts of these icon reformers resisted, slowed down conversion of low caste Hindus to Islam and Christianity but failed to have appreciated from caste superiority hard dyed organiser. It is well known that in modern times the wellbeing of people depends upon, how well they are placed in their country in education, health, economic, employment spheres besides segmental, sectoral and caste wise share in country’s wealth, senior level political, bureaucracy, delivery of justice, media and control of Law and order in their country. From all reports on records, in daily press writings in India the level playing for all persons here is a distant dream. In our country perhaps with pervading conditions, it does not seem possible to achieve our Constitutional equality targets for all, fulfilled in another 500 years. These targets are most needed for our Nation’s unity but chances are bleak to achieve them in near future without some drastic social mind set of governing minds. For such possibility present prevailing conditions do not give any positive indications. The Indian weak constitute majority of Dalit Samaj,who are the worst hit on parity accounts. The contribution of Dalit Samaj in history making is no less, but biased writers have ignored them, so made them history- less masses. However Indian history records that Hindu Mahabharat (1200-odd pages) and Valmiki Ramayana (1000 odd pages) Epics were reportedly composed by Shudra linkage Veda Vyasa and Maharishi Valmik. The Constitution Drafting for free India was assigned to Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Dr. Ambedkar despite his failing health, lacking needed support from his colleagues, worked very hard for 2 years,11 months and 18 days and gave India, world’s voluminous best Constitution. At the time of its adoption, the Constitution contained 395 Articles and 8 Schedules, 22 parts and had about 145,000 words, making it the longest National Constitution to ever be adopted world over. Dr Baba Sahed Ambedkar hit the paining points so untouchability was abolished in all its forms (Art.17). Practice of untouchability in any form was made punishable and Equality for all Indians was made Fundamental Rights ( Preamble). Dalits were major contributor for Indian freedom struggle. As per a report in Dalit Dastavej Hindi book in Freedom struggle from (1857-1947) 68.3% were shudras (now SCs, STs and OBCs). Regardless all glaring facts, it seems, as if Indian major ruling elite, major political parties have unofficially declared Indian Dalits (SCs, STs, OBC and Converted Minorities) as non-meritorious, cowards and so ignoring their modern means of advancements in propionate to their population and National resources. They not only are majority in Nation;s population ( about 85%)but are in majority of poverty, ill health, illiteracy ridden Indian. Despite the facts they are not part of big Financial institution frauds, riots etc.They are major vote bank to form all governments but they claim to bear disparities in fair dealing of Governments. The Congress Party has ruled Central Government for about 54 years and NDA lead by the right-wing BJP are now in the government saddle since 2014 with past rule of 5 years (1999-2004).The poor strata claim to be ignored with bundles of lip sympathies from the ruling elite. Not much of national resources are shared with Dalits as per rules framed for their welfare in the Parliament. Many reports say major part of the component funds set aside in budget for Dalits, have been diverted for other common community causes. In reality Dalits were recognised as human after India attained freedom and they got Constitution safe guards. But despite this they continued to face disparities. Here are some glaring facts about SC’s representation, in political and bureaucratic authority of India. Only 8 SC males including one woman from a count of nearly 564 CM’s since 1952. India currently has 35 CMs with only 01 SC; With 17 Presidents of India SCs were 02 ; So far no SC PMs out of 17; 2 SC Dy PM’s out of 07 ; only3 SCs out of 18 Lok Saba Speakers ; just 01Sc CJI out of 48, Only 01-SC out of 48 Bharat Ratna Awardees. No SC out of 01 CDS,15 CISC, 29 Army Chiefs, 26 Air Chiefs,29 Navy heads is far. On 5Aug, 2019 in bureaucracy out of 89 Union Secretaries Dalit was 01; STs 03’s; OBC Zero; (the Print 5 August,2019). In their appointments’ reservation norms, so employment, as per their population is denied. The data on backlog vacancies said that in SC category, there were 13,979 filled up positions and 14,366 (50.68%) unfilled out of total 28,345 posts. The situation looked similar in the ST category as there were 9,404 filled up posts and 12,612(56.28%) unfilled as against the total vacancies of 22,016 in ST category (The New Indian Express dated 8 Oct,2021). To expect fair dealing in states of India and their services cadres the less said better. Unbiased head can see greatest gaps in appointment of Dalits as Vice Chancellors of Universitas, HOD’s in departments of learning and other departments where appointments are by nomination. There are fields of governance as Army, RAW, Atomic Energy etc under Government. Although SCs, STs, OBC people have been found more laborious and honest, still do not find placement these departments in any senior position. Writer N. K Singh’s (singh.nk1994@yahoo.com) writes in the Punjab Kesri of 2nd March,2022, that Private sector’s has 45.5crore (organised 3.5crore, unorganised 42 crore) employment and Govt. sectors have 2.60 crore (states 2 crore, Central Govt.60 Lakh). This way reservation rules are applicable only govt. sector (partly). In Private sector, these rules are not applicable, so in controlling and managerial sector hardly anybody from the reserved categories finds access. The SCs, STs, OBCs personals get observed in Labour and junior level clerical posts on the whims and wishes of owners. Political parties include in their manifestos schemes like giving free lap tops, LPG cylinders, ration, cash dolls, instead of including in their manifestos general welfare schemes, like opening/improving health care ,education, employment, old age care, communication, road connectivity, power, animal husbandry , diary forming, agriculture, trade ( Urban, rural) industries, housing schemes for homeless , craft, child and women welfare, insurance for those who are involved in cleaning services, scholarships for marginalised sections(incl. foreign for higher education), increasing wages, pays of employees, regularisation of daily wagers, price control, improving law and order, reducing back log of, court cases and vacant posts of reserved category persons) etc. The cash- dolls, free distribution of other items generates corruption and help in easy election win for political parties. For spouting willing unity thoughts, major hurdles need, be isolated and fired with human heart. The education spread and media efforts to point out lapses in governing process has made people aware of the avoidable excesses caused to their cause. Now our democracy is 75 years but the top 10% holding 57% of national income in 2021, and the bottom 50% holding just 13% cannot be taken as a good sign for mass unity. (Source: - The Indian Express New Delhi dated 10 Dec.2021 ). Dated 3 March,2022. Words:1936 Words 1937

My Alma Mater the Regional Engineering College (Now NIT) Srinagar Sixty Years Past.

My Alma Mater the Regional Engineering College (Now NIT) Srinagar Sixty Years Past. (Enlarged and updated my write up On the Eve of the Golden Jubilee celebrated on 7th May, 2001 by Alumni Association at Jammu). By: - Er. Hem Raj Phonsa alias Hem Raj Second Batch (1961-66) I had the proud privilege to be the student of II Batch (1961-1966) of the Prestigious Regional Engineering College (Now NIT with Deemed University status) Hazratbal Naseem Bagh Srinagar. It was one of the Fourteen REC’S started in Nineteen Sixties, throughout our country, to impart technical training to Indian students. The first admission in the college to the first Batch (1960-1965) was in September 1960. Shri Raj Kumar Abrol (Now Dr. R.K. Abrol) from Jammu was the first student to be enrolled in the college. He maintained his first position in the college merit list in all esteems when he passed out in 1965.Then Our college had only three esteems namely Civil, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering with intake of 90 students per batch. In the subsequent years more Engineering streams were added and student intake also increased. The admission in the REC’S then was on the basis of the marks obtained by students in the Intermediate (F. Sc) examination with non-medical subjects. The interstate students were 50% from the other Indian states /UT’s on reciprocal basis. This REC was the dream child of zenab Bakashi Gulam Mohamad, a National Conference leader, who served as the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir from 1953 to 1964. Baskashi Sahib’s vision was to train state’s own engineers from this institution, who will shield responsibilities of sate’s progress in engineering fields. The GMC Srinagar was started in 1959, In Lal Mandi Srinagar. The 1962 being election year, more students were admitted and on passing out they faced employment problems and some were recruited even drafts men, a rare instance in the Government Departments Engineering profession. Some retired as Assistant Engineer (now AEE) and majority as Executive/ Superintending Engineers, only a few lucky could rise as CE’s. The REC college location was carefully selected in the world famous picturesque Naseem Bagh full of chinar trees, on the Bank of Dal Lake, with nearness to the Nagin Lake, Nagin club and Hazratbal Muslim Shrine, all world acclaimed places and the prides of Kashmir. Naseem Bagh had the distinction of being one of the beautiful Mughal Gardens (With no flowers beds like of Srinagar’s famous bags like Shalimar, Chesham Shahi, Harban, Nishat,Hariparbat) having been constructed in 1586 AD by Great Mughal Emperor Akbar (1543 - 1605 A.D). In it 1200 Chinar trees planting was carried by Shah Jahan emperor in 1686. During our stay it had about 700 Chinar trees, many with majestic height and spreads. The nearness of the college campus to world famous Muslim shrine Hazratbal, also called Dargah Sharif, Assar-e-Sharif and it houses the sacred hair relic (Moi-e-Muqqadas) believed to be of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The Holy Moi-e-Muqaddas is displayed for Darshan-Dedar to public only on special occasions. In addition to daily prayers Friday prayers are held as a routine event in the Dargah Sharif, so it was an ever-busy place. The college site was sharing common periphery with Kashmir University (Now Naseem Bagh is part of its campus) campus overlooking famous and romantic Mughal gardens, the most visited places in Srinagar, Kashmir. Kashmir University had very few buildings then. Charchenar an island famous place was at half an hour shikara drive. The REC was 15kms from Srinagar on Leh road opposite to the present day Mazzar ( Grave) of Sher-e- Kashmir Zenab Sheikh Mohd. Abdullah, the first Prime Minister (now called Chief Minister) of J&K State (Now UT). College site was also surrounded by orchards of Zakura , Gulab bagh, Tel Bal etc. famous for cashmere delicious apples. The institution was fully residential with modern messing arrangements and housed in the old single storey wooden barracks built with typical Kashmiri style of pitched wooden roofs. The college had established a huge library with quality books and magazines. The construction of campus where the present NIT is located was started sometime in 1963. I last visited the College present campus in 1991,when my son Vishal ,got admission in first semester. I found my college, a changed world but the old campus mess meals royalties and delices were missing. Here under I reproduce from my aging memory, the teaching staff, office, administration, messing, health care, social binding in campus with some sweet and sour instances. The college atmosphere was all joyous, fun, friendly except some unfortunate instances on the occasions of match winning/ losing by India or Pakistan, when atmosphere showed unfortunate happening. Teaching staff: - The college administrative and teaching staff faculty then was perhaps the best. Principal; Dr. (Prof.) Z.U. Ahmed: - A highly qualified Electrical Engineer himself. He was strict disciplinarian with high qualities of administrative skills. He was true to his words. The College owes a lot to him for his vision and administrative skill. When his car entered in college campus it seemed that even Chinar leaves observed discipline in murmurings. Sh. Chand Mal, ICS, the college Dean: - A British time bureaucrat, visionary, College dean and strict disciplinarian. He was lover of merit. He ordered games and NCC as compulsory. I was unfortunate to not see him. Registrar: - Sh Panna Lal an economic expert, one time principal of G.G. M. Sc (Arts) College Jammu, strict but accepted things, if one could convince him by logic. Dy. Registrar: - Sh. H.L. Choudhari an advocate by profession, sharp in action, intelligent, thin, lean but tall personality. He took lot of interests in the welfare of the college and students. I remember when in a mob my classmate asked his, “Sir, yeh kaya badshi hai”? Mr.Choudhari replied, “I excuse you because you my son, do not know what you are Saying”. Prof. R.P. Jareth (HOD Chemistry dept.):- A tall, well built personality with thick eye glasses. One he told in our class, his eye glasses were specially designed in foreign country, when he got blinded during some laboratory experiments. He was par excellent metallurgical expect of his times. He was capable to deliver lecture in all classes in almost all main Engineering subjects from first year to final year. He narrated once in class that he was lucky to attend the meeting of scientists, when first Atom bomb was designed in America. He was strict disciplinarian, highly qualified and gentle at heart. He was moving museum by himself. He used to narrate many interesting stories in the class room about his carrier. He was jolly at times. He was said to have failed his own son who was his student too. But did not change his decision even when his whole family revolted against him. Prof. Jareth told in his narration, when his whole family revolted in one voice against his action told them, “I can bear, as a father, my son’s education expenditure for one year but as a teacher cannot allow him to sit in the next lass with less merit.” Later his son was reported to have earned laurels for his exemplary good work. His class notes served as book for reference. Once he told in our class to a non-serious student “Had you been my son and I had a pistol in my hand, I would have shoot you dead?” He was also jolly at times. Once in an examination when a student nervously loudly said “Water”, Prof. Jareth asked him politely “Do you want, my son, to take water or make water?” Dr. Prof. Dr. Qazi Abdul Rehman- (HOD Mathematics). He was a world class Mathematical authority with triple PhD, visiting professor to many world universities. In his free lecturers he talked of “Ten Dimension”, problems, then a Greek to us. He was jolly person, always ready to answer any question instantly but in an impressive way. He was not much bothered about his dress and often spoke tasty Lakhani Urdu. Once he was wearing woolen over coat with a rain coat on a sunny day. Students enquired reasons to which he quickly replied “You cannot believe the weather of Kashmir and government of Pakistan, as to when it will change”. On small differences with the college principal, he resigned his job saying “You are not the only principal of my life”. Dr Prof. A. D. Daru (HOD, Civil Eng.): Thin body frame person with high qualities of head and heart. Simple and gentle, sweet voice, never taking punitive action to our mischief’s. His mild voice made it difficult to grasp fully his expert teaching. He acted as stop gap arrangement College Principal. Dr Sayed Rais Ahmed (HOD Physics-Electronic Depts.) :- Extremely well educated, experienced with seriousness in teaching. He was later made Vice chancellor of Kashmir University. Reportedly he finally retired as Director NCERT New Delhi. Mrs. Dr. Shakti Rais Ahmed; - The only woman teacher of college. She used to teach chemistry. Intelligent, laborious and strong disciplinarian. She was wife of Dr. Rais Ahmed. They lived in the college campus, staff house. Monis Riza (HOD of Humanities dept. and Dean): - Professor of English with political maneuverability of mind. Very friendly with the students and at times compromised with student indiscipline. He took over as Principal of REC from zenab Dr. Prof. Z.U. Ahmed. Hereafter discipline in college was causality. He later served as vice chancellor of Delhi University Delhi. A friend said he was M.A. Geography. Dr Kazmi; - He was civil engineer having earned distinction of obtaining PhD in structural engineering from U.K university with out doing his Post graduation. Handsome personality, mostly using Urdu language even while teaching. Casual in his dressing. Simple, intelligent human, who later authored many reputed books on design of structures, theory of structural analysis. He taugh us subject of Advance Analysis of Structures. Sardar Balwant Singh (workshop Superintendent): - Jammu based sardar ji , owning a car besides college principal. He was seen always busy in the college work shop. He designed and got fabricated college Main Gate and swimming poll equipment. The swimming pool was installed in the Dal Lake opposite to college gate. It was land mark of our college. Dr Qazi (HOD Mechanical Eng.) :- Very jolly fellow, tall, well built. He used to speak a tasty Lukhnawi styled Urdu in class room too. Intellegent, but always discoursed students about their future, which as per him was bleak as engineer. His oft repeated verse to his students was “ Mian Jayo Tell Bechoo aur Jayo Hazratbal main Cycle Puncher ki Dukan Kholo”. His remarks evoked many students to change their subject esteems and shifted to Civil Esteem and passing out we in Civil Engineering were about 80, so faced difficulties in getting service. Many found employment as Draftsman and Technical Assistants equivalent to Junior Engineer. Dr.O.N. Wakhloo: - Son of the soil, a civil engineer, then professor and Estate’s officer. Later he served as the REC Principal (1977-82). He was very active with a possessed a sharp memory till his passing away recently. He was local examination paper modulator, so he was reported to favor some students in this respect. He also acted as Chairman J&K IEI Srinagar for years. Dr Bhamroo:-The mathematics teacher and perhaps first PhD in Mathematics from J&K State. He was intelligent, gentle but had a very piercing voice, with little control over his students in the class. Sardar Parvin Singh (Prof. Engineering Geology);- Jammu based Sadar ji, was an Intelligent, gentle but master of his subject “ Engineering Geology”. He was author and later principal of Camp College Jammu. He was sole light behind planning and construction of MBSCET Babliana Jammu. I kept contact with him for long, he has now passed away. Chandersheikhar: A south Indian Civil Engineer and a soft spoken friendly teacher. He used to teach us land survey. During night classes he explained about celestial body. He also taught about latest quick and accurate survey techniques. After my final examination he offered by to get teaching job, but I refused for which later I regretted by mistake. Besides these there was a large staff for all streams. It is difficult to remember all names after 55 years, I wish, I could remember and share their names here but sorry to do so. The jolly Character of lecturer Saxena, one can hardly afford to miss. He at times looked after mess supervision. Once a lethargic student from Bareilly “Sangi” sent his room boy to bring his breakfast in his room, when the practice stood banned. Mr. Sexena was in the mess, so he carried breakfast for Mr. Sangi, saluted him and told the him politely to avoid it in future. I was eye witness to this instance. Other note worth personalities of our times were, Prof. Burns (U.K) electrical faculty, Sh. A.K. Ghose (HOD Mining), Sh. K.R. Acharya (first HOD Mech. Engg), Sh. G.L. Labru ( Lect. Humanities ), Sh. S.M. Zaki , U.N. Tiwari (both Lect. Math) sh. M.A. Khan ( Lect. chemistry) Dr. S. Ahmed Ali ( Prof. Physics), Sh. Abu Salim( Lect. in Civil Engg.) Mr. Dewan our Mess superintendent, Mr. EL.VEE our college librarian and hostel warden, Lecturer’s G.S Razdhan, C. L Bhan of town planning. Sh. C.L Bhan was serious teacher where as Razdhan always promised to give notes in his next class, but that day never happened and we depended upon what Mr. Bhan taught. Prof. Bhan was repoted to have passed away, may the generous soul rest in peace. Mr. Razdhan later served in Jammu Dev. Authority, established his private office too. Dr. Ali Baksh and Haji Gulam Hussein were our college campus health dispensary in charge and Sh. Gulam Mohd. Bhat office superintendent. S. Haji Gulam Hussein in his medical advice always said “You have no problem, take this mixture and be healthy”. Our office Surinetendant Mr. G.M. Bhat later Dy. Secretary in Civil Secretariate.He was very nice and extremely helpful to anybody approached him for help particularly students.. Alternative education improvement efforts: - REC Srinagar had summer working, so the principal used to call visiting professors from Aligarh, Roorkee and other colleges to teach us by conducting special classes during their summer vacations. Dr A.S. Arya of Roorkee university, an author and authority on structural designing including Earthquake engineering, taught us design of structures. He was later Director Earthquake Engineering, played major role in writing Code for Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings. Dr. Jain structural design wizard and many others used to visit and teach us. Dr. Barkat Singh Hydraulic expert. When our college closed for winter vacations, students were sent to colleges of summer zone for practical classes. This way the students were kept busy through out the year. The college used to hum with yearlong activities, aimed at developing over all personalities and skills of the students. High dignitaries who visited college then: - Prof. Humayum Kabir, the union minister for scientific research and cultural affairs visited the college to inaugurate it. Morarji Desai Union Minister of Finance and later Prime Minister of India; Zenab Dr. Zakir Husain Vice President of India, later the President of India; M.C. Chagla an eminent jurist, CJ of Bombay HC from 1947-58, and Union Minister of Education; Col B.N. Zaidi, M.P and ex. vice chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University; G.M. Sadiq State Cabinet Minister, later state CM and Chairman of the Board of Governors of REC. Another dignitary visited was Padma Bhushan Awardee, Dr. K.L Rao himself an author, as eminent Dam design Engineer, who enjoyed undisputed authority on dam design world over. He was Union Minister (1962-70) for Irrigation and Power. His son was also REC student. Dr. Rao gave a lecture on Dam Building, where he introduced himself jokingly as “Dam Engineer”, pronouncing Dam as “Damn”. Celebration of college day 1964; - Although our college stated academic activities from Sept. 1960, but the first college day was formally celebrated on October10.1964, when college premises kept humming with activities of sorts, for days. Dr Z.U. Ahmed our worthy principal received the chief guest zenab G.M. Sadiq Chairman of the Board of Governors of college at 7.15 pm. Eight meritorious student were honored prominent among them were R.K. Abrol, Sudesh Sapolia, N.M. Bhandari , Dharam Pal Luthra, M.S. Mubasshir. I being vegetarian got a meat bone in rice Pulao, so I had to go without meals that night without any regrets. College Mess: - Since it was a residential institution, so a good mess was the necessary. In the initial days the messing arrangements were poor. Mr.Sangi ,II batch student was surprised when he saw cooks kneeling floor by feet. Therefore, students resorted to strike. We came to Srinagar and met Nassar –Ulla IAS, then divisional commissioner Kashmir and also Son in law of Bakshi Sahib, the state Prime Minister. When he contacted our principal, who in turn asked him to send back all students to the college. Next day the principal addressed us and said “Give me a fortnight’s time, there after your mess shall be second to none in Kashmir except Army mess”. He carried his promise and our mess was made exemplary. New cooks were also recruited from Ramnagar, Jammu province, who prepared homely meals served Chappies with Desi Ghee top dressing. In Breakfast we were served Bread, tea, sealed fresh dairy milk 200 ml bottle, egg, butter 20gms. Those who were vegetarians like me got one milk bottle in lieu of an egg. Saturday special meals were introduced, quality and quantity of meals were made extremely good. Saturday special dinner had many guests’ invitee, students from GMC Srinagar also, where messing arrangements were poor. Student discipline: - All students were ordered to wear college uniform not only in classes, but in mess and while going to bazaar. Students had principal’s orders to move like engineers all the times. Only four monthly passes were allowed to juniors to visit Srinagar city. Students were advised to avoid going to cinema, if they go then, to sit in the First Class only. No noise was allowed in the common room or tuck shop. NCC and games were compulsory for every one. All students to be in their rooms before nine in the night. Senior students were respected like professors and seniors lend helping hands to the juniors. Racking of new student was officially banned but it was carried regularly, Chori-Chori. No physical injury or insult was caused in the racking. The students were provided services of room boys to attend to the personnel needs of the students. When I visited Kashmir in 2008 and went with my family including my first small granddaughter Shreya, now 11th class student, we had a for shikara ride from Nagin Lake to Hazratbal Shrine, the shikara (a small beautifully decorated boat used for site seeing) rower, person recognized me, and on enquiry he turned out be my room boy “Gulla” during college days. We were happy to meet each other after many years. Common Kashmiri peoples, particularly rural toiling masses are good at heart, extremely hospitable. but show their helplessness to politically motivated mob mentalities and police action, excesses. College clubs: - To get engaged the students in cultural, social and physical activities a number of clubs were established. I also visited Shri Amaranth Holy Cave as member of Himalayan club in 1966 via Sona Marg- Baltal . To give outside exposure to the students College educational tours were conducted for seeing different sites of engineering interests. In 1966 college tour my batchmates had a chance to see places in Chandigarh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, UP, Bhakra and Pong Dam sites. I still remember when our college bus, we were travelling to Massouri, was saved by God’s Act falling down the hill slope. We were saved miraculously and had second birth. College magazine: - Our college magazine was named “Sabzar” and its first issue was published in 1964. It carried many interesting articles,cartoons and detailed of college activities. It carried my article “Analysis of a Bank Bencher” on its page no 245. I still have preserved that first issue in my personal library having stock of about 600 books. Sharing Moments of Joy and Sorrows; - The college staff and students not only shared moments of joys but of sorrow too. On the sad demise of Pt. Jawaharlal Lal Nehru Indian Prime minister and John f. Kennedy the President of USA, condolence meetings were held in the college. Many joined memorial service of or class mate messiah, who died there. The college remained off. Mathematical aids: To carry the mathematical calculations, only log tables and foreign made slide rules were available. Slide rule had a sliding scale between a calibrated Ivoryframe fixed on its ends. The number calibrations on the scales were so made that the slide rule carried all types of calculations with a degree of accuracy up to two places of decimal. The electronic calculators were not invented so not available in the market. A Germany made Slide rule then costed Rupees Fifty-five, a big price indeed. Communication means: - The only system of communication available to college wards was Post Office for mails and private and govt. busses for transport . We depended on letters for messages, money orders from homes. The principal office had a telephone connection. For commoners telephone was made available in the post office lately. At times we used to go to city on foot, particularly in winter when it snowed heavily in valley. Some personnel experiences: - We used to go around the Dal on bi-cycle which was available on demand from a cycle shop at Hazratbal on daily charges of half a rupee. Some times two of us shared the cycle ride for economy. Many of us had normal Sunday routine to go round around Dal Lake on Bi -cycle and visit to Shankaracharya Hill top temple. In 1964, college campus had over 3 feet snow sheet, whole of Dal Lake got frozen and people enjoyed walking on it besides seeing the “Hangies” pulling their boats. Even a jeep run was conducted on Dal Lake near Dal Gate. Our mess got stopped temporarily so we have had daily, to walk to Srinagar city on foot for meals and back late in the night. The NCC uniform especially long boots made our life warmer during long walks. There was no water heating system in our college bath rooms. A water boiler was installed sometime after 1964, which eased our bathing problems in winter. Earlier we took bath with cold water year long and some students went to city for hot water bath in barber shops or “Saloons”. College Students Strike: -A strike was resorted to by students for what demands, I did not know. Many students were rusticated. The principal did not agree to take back the rusticated students. Later these rusticated students were awarded Degrees on passing all examinations with restriction of not allowed to join government service. This became a main cause to change Dr. Z.U. Ahmed as principal. The atmosphere started deteriorating in the college premises from this onwards. Some un- matching and un- forgettable events: - Some student planned a joy marriage event in the college. The arrangements for the entertainment were made in the new campus for the barat (marriage party) reception which was to come from the old campus. Two students were selected to act as bride and bridegroom vollentrily. Sh. Avtar Singh Biri (later Wazir, retired as CE PWD (R&B)) played the pivotal management role. When the barrat was about to reach the new campus with band plying and dancing. Some students went to prof. Monis Riza, the college Dean, telling him that a great law and order problem was in making by Jammu students as the student acting by as bride was a Muslim boy. Monis Riza came to spot to stop the act saying in a cinema style “Yeh shadi Nahi Hogi ”. This way the event was forced to end unceremoniously. Dr. Bandey’s clinic: - In Barrak “M” where Mr. Bandey a student of my batch was staying had put up a sign board “Poshida Amraj ka Mahir Dr, Bandey”. I had not met Bandey after college days, I wish he is in good health. Chewing dinner coupon; - The course of copying in examination had set its foot in REC as well but in very small way. Never in my life I had taken to copying, but in the paper of Electronics, which I was feeling doubts to pass, I joined this wrong practice. The paper was in the evening, so I put two papers chits in my pocket, one with answer to a question and other my dinner coupon. Our daily mess entry pass had three parts. Search was carried by Prof. Allag (Electrical) and in fear I put my hand in my pocket to destroy the copying coupon in my pocket. One paper piece was taken out and put into my mouth with out seeing it. The checking also stopped before my turn came. In the evening when I reached dining hall and took out my dinner coupon to be deposited at the entry, I was surprised to find the coupon with copying material in my pocket in- stead of dinner coupon, which I had chewed. I had already failed in a similar effort in my Intermediate practical when I failed to retrieve from my pen cap a paper piece carrying recording for a pendulum practical recording. On my narration it to my friends, all made good fun of me. These were my failed attempts to try unfair means. There are still many small stories in my memory which explains our days in REC. One or two students never purchased tooth paste but daily borrowed it from one student or the other. My Sunday Mustard Oil body massaging was joined by many as fun. A jolly but naughty “ I” Barrack Student when fined by Warden to go to city without a valid pass, he told warden, sir passes are only four and he had to go to city daily so please take fine for full month once, it will safe yours and mine daily worries. Engineering Professions: - One of our visiting professors during college days warned by saying “When an engineer fails, a doctor comes in”. He again said “When a doctor fails, he kills one at a time, but a failure of an engineer can create havoc”. He advised us to be careful while designing structures. One of state bureaucrat later Additional Secretary in GOI once sarcastically commented about engineers before me. Although I was his subordinate, still I replied him forcefully “When after a centaury you shall look back, you shall see our engineer’s foot prints only”. He again shot back saying what about bureaucratic work. I told him your files shall be eaten by white ants but not structures created by engineers. He was convinced. I told him the Taj Mahal, Lal birth Village Pakhri, presently falling in Distt. Samba was an unknown remote border village, 3-4 kms from International Border with Pakistan. This Village then had 99.9% illiterates, devoid of communication means with no cemented house, school etc. On my admission to REC Srinagar, when my name was displayed on college notice board, hung from a Chinar tree trunk, it gave me unbound joy to see that wounder for which I thanked God Almighty. With all good wishes to past and present Associates of REC(NIT) Srinagar. I pay my highest regards to those departed souls of REC teachers and students who have joined back the eternal world, may all these souls rest in peace. I also pay my regards to those who spare time to go through this long essay. Words---- 4778 Er. HEM RAJ Phonsa Place: - Jammu E Mail: - hrphonsa@gmail.com WhatsApp Number: +919419134060 Dated: 21th January,2022 Blogspot: Dalit Vision with over 2,00,000 views REC Alumni, Batch 1961-66 Photo view of REC (NIT) old Campus, Nageen Badh in winter.

Distinctive similarity of thoughts and Actions Of Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar and Kabir

Distinctive similarity of thoughts and Actions Of Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar and Kabir Kabir (1398-1518) Bhagati cult must have been clearly and strongly cultivated in the thought process of family members of Bhimrao Ambedkar, a Mahar by caste. Mahar were low caste Hindus. Bhima’s parental and maternal families had great faith and following of Kabir Bhagati cult. The Britishers had abolished caste barriers for at least in their armed services. Britishers also had established education standards for its soldiers as per their ranks. Ramji Sakhpal’s brothers and father Malogi Sakhpal were in army so have had attained required education standard. Bhimrao’s mother Bhimabai had her father and six uncles all subedar Majors in the British Army, so were educated too. They all belonged to Sant Mat cult with Kabir teaching engrossed in their life following. Kabir devotional songs were sung twice daily in his house. In the morning and evening every family member had to join without fail. Any child who tried to skip was admonished. Although Bhimrao Ambedkar had listened in apt attention from his father stories of Ramayana and Mahabharat but still he had in his life followed ideals of three icons “Buddha, Kabir and Phooley”. Bhimrao took them as his Gurus. Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar was engrossed with the ideals and Bhagati songs of Kabir so deeply that on the list night of his life, before retiring to bed he was singing “ Chal Kabira,Tera Bhav Sagar Dera” . This showed that Dr. Ambedkar’s Kabir Bhagati had given him life’s insight realities so he knew his end was near. Let us in brief find how far they had similarities in their thought and action. Kabir, a Muslim born, was par excellent Bhagati Movement Saint. Kabir was said as “Kabir is Supreme God “- Guru Nanak Dev Ji ( SGGS page 721) . Dr Saheb Ambedkar and Kabir discarded what was unstainable on practical life critical reviews. Kabir decried all what was projected as religious acts, but actually not found so. Bhagati revolutionary saints discarded such facts, irreligious void acts imposed by Brahmin and Muslim priests (pujaris) on simple, poor, illiterate people but having deep faiths in religion. These saints closely looked into the partibility of religious norms, they understood that Hindu religion norms grant all fruits for upper castes and useless wastes to shudras, taking that too an act of favour to them, from upper castes. They found that Hindus had banned for shudras wearing new clothes, ornaments, eating fresh food and decent means of life. Along with shudras Hindus treated women with bias so enslaved them, blocking all their human rights including rights to own property and leading independent life. Due Brahminical unnatural resources divide, Shudras had to sustain life even on carcases of dead animals. The Bhagati movement Saints found that Hindu have concocted stories of caste norms therefore not acts of God. These saints even found ill-founded Hindu techniques to ward off troubles through variety of Dogmas, Havans (Burning of cereal’s and Ghee in fire) Yaagya (Religious sacrifice with feasts), ritual’s, like 68 Tirath yatras to take bath in Holi water courses, Karvat (Sawing of human bodies of rulers,rich), Sharaada (funeral and periodic ceremony for dead), Varat (Austerity, fasting). Such practices were nothing except creating fear psyche and looting resources of people with promises of warding off effects of bad karmas and diseases. To avoid Nark (Hells) and welcome to Sawarg (heaven) enjoyment after death to those who followed Brahmin dictates. But saints found these nothing but unfounded false claims by thugs cheats. Such were Brahmanical mind woven religious complexities that their utility could not face serious reviews besides being beyond the understanding of common persons. Such futile acts had to be performed by engaging Brahmins, Bhudevas (Gods on the earth), a perennial source of Brahmins livelihood. Brahman’s Vedic scripture language was Sanskrit. Why Hindu deities understood only Sanskrit was a mystery. Against this Saints used common man’s language in their discourses. Although Dr. Ambedkar knew 9 languages but used local dialect to address masses. Hindus had strictly demonstrated over period of time that they can suffer loss of their followers but cannot compromise with their Sanatandharma or Chaturvarna norms. Chaturvarna religion was based on Manusmiriti and Vedas foundation so immune to doubts and questioning. This non compromising Hindu attitude created grounds for conversion of masses to other religious faiths. This way one time in majority Hindus got reduced to 70%, with Muslims 21 % and Christians 1%, others 8% in 1901 census. Dr. Baba Saheb carried for 5 years agitation for entry of Shudras into Kala Ram temple Pune1930, burnt Hindu Law rules book Manismirity1925, carried Mahad water protest to warn Hindus to mend their ways towards his people, but all in vain. Many such earlier attempts for temple entry like Menakshi temple (Madras)1874, Amravati temple entry1928, Vikom temple Trivandrum 1924 also failed due to Hindu hard-line thinking. Dr. Baba Saheb was fully convinced of fact that his people will not get Human Rights as Hindus. So, he publicly announced at Yeola Maharashtra to leave Hinduism on October 16, 1935. He got converted or say, join back ancestral religion Buddhism in 1956 with lakhs of his followers. Some unbiased historians say creation of Pakistan gave Hindus, in disguise, 85% majority with ruling edge for 15% upper castes. The brahmins must have been afraid of any future dangers like Buddhist conversion of past, if shudras revolting and united against them. These Brahmin designated shudras were one-time Buddhists. So, to ward off such possibilities Brahmins created water tight divisions of castes, sub castes, gotras and more among shudras. Brahmins created for them distinctive visual division marks like Tilak( for head colour mark), Yagyopaveet ( Holy thread) chotti ( Long hair curl on head),special styled Dhoti (lower body covering) beads wearing etc. To this Kabir declared futile, no relevancy for worship. these futile “ Malla Tilak Lagaye Ke,Bhagat naa Ayi Hath, Darri Munsh Mundaye Ke Chaley Duni Ke Sath”. Means:, By wearing Beed neckless onecannot gain progress in worship. What is the use to shave off beard, moustache,if one has to follow world ways. The job profiles divisions was declared for society wellbeing, but actually it was division of workers. Brahmins divided them as those who could enter homes of three upper caste, touch them, for their services like barbers, carpentry, potters, washermen, cleaning utensils, cooking, so they were touchable shudras. Other shudras who were to perform outside services jobs like, watchmen, carry messages to distant places on death, marriages etc, cobblers, weavers, arcticians, musicians, drummers, gymnastics, snake charmers, animal rearing, removing dead animals, cleaning and watering streets, flushing floors, toilet, midwifery duties, carry out night soil etc. they were called Ati Shuras and they had to live outside upper caste inhabitations. These castes divide was as many as 6743 and constituted 65% of Indian population (Mandal commission report 31 Dec 1980). The majority of minorities, Muslins, Sikhs, Buddhist, Jains (20% of Indian population) are converters from Hindu Shudras. As published by Government of India in 2014, Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 conducted by the Registrar General of India has come out with 46,73,034 categories of caste, sub-caste, synonyms, different surnames, gotras in the caste and clan names (Deccan Herald. 17 July). Baba Saheb Ambedkar torpedoed this Brahminical thought and Joined Buddhism on 14th October, 1956 to make way for all Shudra classes to leave their Hindu caste divides and be one as Buddhist, where there is no caste divide. Dr. Ambedkar’s value-based arguments in three Round Table Conferences, meeting and memorandums to British delegates had already got untouchables divide confined into only three categories as SCs, STs and OBCs in 1931 census estimates. All Bhagati movement saints namely Nam Dev, Fareed, Nanak, Ravidas, Tuka, Sain, Bulley Shah , Hafiz, ,Chokhamela etc. were firm in their beliefs but mild in their words. Kabir was bold, fearless and undaunted in dealing with his opponents. Meaningful, fearless and boldness in his expression was unique. Similarly, Dr. Baba Saheb had value base and clarity of expressions. So both never shrieked in their views, no matter the person addressed was a king or pauper. Dr. Baba Saheb told on the face Mahatma Gandhi, uncrowned king of Congress and Chaturverna Hindus, “Mahatmas have come and gone but problem of my people has remained”. Kabir told Brahmins who bosted their clan purity “ Maila Brahma, Maila Indu, Ravi Maila hai Maila Chand ,Meaning deities like Brahma, Indra are polluted; the Sun and the Moon also polluted (SGGS Ang 1158). For such boldness both had to suffer for sticking to their set life goals. Kabir suffered Sikandar Lodhi’s excesses and Baba Saheb Ambedkar faced a number of life elimination attempts. Baba Saheb had taken strong but correct, justified position, before reaching listed conditions before signing Poona Pact in 1932. Hindu leaders were adamant not to heed conditions offered by Baba Saheb to allow scraping untouchable’s Dual Voting Rights given to end communal tangle through franchise. Instead, the Hindu reactionaries had threatened Baba Saheb to cremate him alive the pyre of Gandhi, if Gandhi died due to his undertaken fast and hard line and delaying tactics of Dr. Ambedkar in accepting offered conditions. The political reservation of seats in legislation and reservation in government services, as percentage of population of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, to total Indian population, was churned out by Baba Saheb through negotiation in Poona Pact 1932 in lieu of Dual Voting Rights. Even political seats were increased from 71 to 148 in provincial and central Assemblies. Baba Saheb gave second birth to Gandhi following Lord Buddha’s principle of showing compassion even for one’s rivals. Both Kabir and Baba Saheb Ambedkar were exemplarily great in their fields of working. Kabir a truthful mystic saint and was lover of all humanity, whereas Baba Saheb was a political giant with world class knowledge and skills. Both loved all creations of Almighty Supernatural Power, with variety of names Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, and salutations with malice towards none. Bhagati Movement saints were in fact religious revolutionary and opposed all unreligious theories preached by Brahmin learned persons in the name of mysticism. The Brahmin policy framers to innocent seekers of God realization with sole moto of Eking out their livelihood and keep enslaved shudras. Baba Saheb was for socio-, political equality for all human and Kabir for socio-religious equality. Kabir has enormous literature in his name and Baba Sahib ‘s writing and Speeches are contained in about 22 volumes in English alone published by the Maharashtra Government besides in other languages. His personal library with 50,000 books was a world unmatched record. Baba Saheb had command on 64 subjects and he knew 9 languages (Hindi, Pali, Sanskrit, English, French, German, Marathi, Persian, and Gujarati).Kabir had no schooling but used words of variety of langages in his Bhajans. Renowned authors Karine and W.H. McLeod in their book “The Saints” published by Motilal Banarsidass has given following details of Kabir works in an easy by Linda Hess. 1. Guru Granth Sahib 226 (Padas) distributed in 16 Ragas. With 237 or 239 Salokas. 2. Panchvani 810 Sakhis in 59 sections or angas with384 pads. 3. Kabir Bijak has 84 Ramainis,115 Sabadas,353 sakhies , 34 miscellenious. Saints decried all Hindu and Muslim religion building blocks, which they found unrealistic for spirituality. A powerful tool in the hand of Pujaris and Mullas was salvation , fears to reach heaven (SAWARG) and to avoid hell (NARAK) . Saint Palto in his Kundlian proclaimed: - “Sant Na Chayen Mukat Ko,Nahi Patharath Char, nahi Patharath Char Mukat Santan Ki Cheri, Ridhi Sidhi Par Thukan,Sawarg Ki As Na Heri” Kabir Ji said (Adi Granth Panna 969-16 Kabir) Kavan Narak Kaya Saward Vichara ,Santan Dou Radhey Hum Kahu Ki Kann Na Kadtey,Apne Gur Parsadey Meaning: - Saints neither seek salvation, nor worldly wealth’s, as salvation is under their command, they spit (discard) on miracle powers and have no desire for heaven, terming these as misconceptions. Meaning: Saints decry both hell (Narak )and heaven (Sawarg), as they have attained heights or salvations beyond Sawarg or Narak with the grace of their Guru . To explain useless caste divide Kabir Said Jat Nahi Jagdish Ki, Hari-Jan Ki Kaha Hoi. Jat Pat Ke Kich Main Doub Maro Mat Koi”. ( Kabir Granthawali-359) Meaning; If the Creator “Jagdish” has no caste, how a person can have it. Let no one get drown in the caste mud and dirt differences’ so give no importance to castes. Jat Pat Puchhey na koi,Har ko Bhaje so Har Ka hoi While decrying bathing in designated water sources, performing human and animal sacrifices Kabir said (Adi Granth Panna 656) “ Kayya Manjis Koun Gunna, Jyon Ghat Bhitar Malna. Meaning :- bathing and washing of body has no spiritual Layoki Athsath Tirath Nayi Kayorapan Tyon na Jayi”.. use .It is like cleaning an empty earthen pot. If a bitter guard is made to wash in sixty eight holi water of designated rivers/tanks (Tiraths for Hindus),it does not lose its bitterness. The Maan or mind cannot be controlled by external means. Ajamedh, Gomedh Yag,Ashawmedh, Narmedh, Meaning:- Slaughtering animals like goats, cows, horses Kahey Kabir Adharam Ko Dharam Bataven Ved and men as oblation in religious sacrifices Kahey Kabir Adharam Ko Dharam Bataven Ved along with religious books including Vedas ( Kabir Shabdawali page 353) preach against true religious norms, so said Kabir). Saint Namdev sayth about falsehood for pretending bhagati means, “Sanp Kunj shorey, Vikh Na Tiyage,Udhak Mahin Jesse Baggu Dhain Mandey”. (Satgur Namdev panna 485) As a snake can off load old skin, but not the poison and a crane pretends to be engrossed in worship but as soon as it finds a fish, it pounces upon and swallows it. Similarly, a person engaged in worldly ills behaves as if a great worshiper of God but does not lose ego and continues to be hardhearted. Saints among whom over 90% were from Shudra casted disapproved the Brahminical methods of living on alms. Kabir Sahib Said, “I shall prefer to die than living on begging”. Guru Ravidas Said, “I always keep my mind absorbed in Lord’s worship and my hands remain engaged in earning for livelihood”. Dr. baba Saheb in his hard days worked very hard to support his family. His wife Mata Rambai joined hands to earn and support both family and her husband her Saheb. These saints used “RAM” for the name of supreme being. Guru Granth Sahib used 2533 times, in Kabir vani’s 381,Guru Ravidas Vani in SGGS-22,confusion was created by vested interests that the Saints worship “Ram” who was said to be son of Dashrath and Sita’ spouse. But is actual theses Saints were not worshiper of that Ram. Namdev said “Ram Japat Koi Naa Tariyo” (GGS1105). In his 22 comandments ( 22 Pritiyans). Baba Saheb pledged to not worship any Hindu deity. Kabir ji said to clarify “Ram Bhara Ki Ramhi Jaya “ Meaning Is Raja Ram greater or One, Who has given birth even to Raja Ram. Kabir Ji described not one but four Rams:- “ Ek Ram Dashrath Ka Beta,Ek Ram Ghat Ghat Main Leta,Ek Ram Ka Sagal Pasara,Ek Ram En Sab Se Niyara”. Or One Ram was King Dashrath’s Son, One Ram is Mann ( mind power) residing in all humans, One Ram is Kal ( Dharam Raj) who mages Triloki affairs and one Ram is above all other three, to whom he worships. Then in whom Kabir hath mystic faith, Kabir clarified in explaining “Kabir Ke Swami Esey Thakur, Ja Ke Mai Na Bap Re” i.e. He is beyond birth and death circle and so Immortal. These Saints said loudly that Creator is not approachable by wondering outside, observing celibacy, body decoration, fasting and reading Holy literature books. Explaining futilities of religious books and their reading for gaining spirituality Kabir Said “Ved Puran Parey Ka Kaya Gunn, Khar Candan jass Bhara” meaning reading Ved Puran are as useless for a mystic purpose as Sandalwood load pack on a pony , donkey. Baba Saheb Dr. Ambedkar in 1936, wrote, “The Hindu religion, as contained in the Vedas and the Smritis, is nothing but a mass of sacrificial, social, political and sanitary rules and regulations, all mixed up. What is called religion by the Hindus is nothing but a multitude of commands and prohibitions.” (The Economic Times Politics updated 24 Jan,2017) All realized body souls said “HIS abode is human body”. To find Him one has to seek guidance from a “Realized Soul”, called Guru, Peer, Murshid and concentrate within human body. EACH HUMAN FRAME IS HIS ABODE. Even apostle Paul called human body as “Temple of Living God” “Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you” (1 Corinthians 6:19-20 (ESV). In spiritual terms, it often feels that we’re at war with our flesh. And, I’m not just talking about the battle of the bulge. Some religious and theological perspectives posit a stark dichotomy between the flesh and the spirit. God, however, proves once and for all that the flesh is not inherently bad or sinful by the incarnation of his Son. Jesus became flesh and dwelt among us (John 1:14). Buddha said, “Be thy own Light”. Baba Saheb followed this principle and strained his body in getting world’s highest academic degrees, so knowledge. His Alma Mater Columbia University compiled knowledge Bank of its students in last 100 years and found Baba Saheb topping the list Based on a global survey called "The Makers of the Universe" a list of top 100 humanist people of the last 10 thousand years was made by Oxford University, in which the fourth name was Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar. Kabir gave greatest message to fighting forces of evil and suppression for the safety and welfare of weak masses and even not worry from such a death by getting cut into pieces. He said “Soora So Pahchaniye,Jo Lare Dinn Ke Haith,Purja Purja Katt Marey Kabhun Naa Chhorey Khett.”.This also applies equally to the spiritual exercises to enter sub conscious state of human body. Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar lived and died for the upliftment of weak including women. Despite being world’s highest qualifies,held highest offices,but when died had a debt of Rupees ten thousands on his head. Hour of his children died in fancy due to unviability of medical care. Kabir left Banaras for Maghar his last days, died in poverty ridden conditions. Kabir had travelled far and wide to spread his message of love, devotion and stand by the oppressed. In India Kabir’s teaching is every household lore and have many followers. Unlike Brahmin and Muslim godmen who could not cross their religion boundaries. Hindu, Muslim,Sikhs seek guidance from the Kabir teaching. However, Kabir stressed more on Bhagati and so building moral values with an eye for spirituality and salvation. All his teaching was directed towards Mukti, rescue of soul from worldly bondage of 84,000 births and deaths cycle. His stress was to achieve targets of soul advancement as per Hindu shastras but with enhanced moral values by sticking living in the life circumstances as per one’s birth. His life approach seemed directed towards goals fixed by Brahmana Shastras with modified ways and means. He believed in present life fate good or miserable due to past karmas. So stressed to follow quality karmas for better fate in next birth to make life comfortable. This way he worked to improvement of means not smashing the system. Kabir could not challenge Brahminical curse of control over all worldly comforts. But Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar did not believe in karma theory. He said shudras life was made hell deliberately by acts of Brahmanas and not of any Godly acts. It was a Brahminical mischief to have moral, body, financial control on shudras for self-comforts, hiding under the carpet of God’s will. Brahmins claimed that all that is on the earth belongs to them by act of God and their service was supreme ,for human all on the earth, without query. Even Rajas had to acts as per commands of Brahmins. Brahmin’s word was rule, his actions had no appeals. He was judge, attorney, appeal police for others. Brahmin’s curse could spoil next birth comforts as self-claimed by them. Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar contested this as a deceit full act of Brahmins. Dr Baba Saheb snatched due rights of his people from Brahmins on the strength of his knowledge. He burnt the law book of inequality “Manusmiriti” and as Modern Manu gave Indian its Constitution based on Justice ,Liberty, Equality and Fraternity for all. Barriers of caste, sex, color, economies, place of birth were smashed. All those Laws which did not confirmed to Socialistic, Democratic, secular Republic Character of India were removed. Untouchability, the deadliest weapon of Brahmin was banned by act of Constitution. Practice of untouchability in any form was made non bailable and punishable act. State resources belonged to all Indians. Community welfares was the first charge to budgetary provisions. Everybody had to follow Constitutional Law in the country. None was above constitutional provisions. So, act of Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar completely changed the world for past time unprivileged persons. Slavery cage of lowly graded human by Brahmins was broken and all given equal share in Indian open sky. Words 3543 Dated 28th January,2022,

ाता सावित्रीबाई फुले और भारतीय महिला अध्यापिका

ाता सावित्रीबाई फुले और भारतीय महिला अध्यापिका (3-1-2022 को पड़ने वाले 192वें जन्म दिवस पर भारत की प्रथम महिला शिक्षाविद को याद करते हुए) द्वारा :- ई. हेम राज फौंसा दिनांक 3-1-2022 भारतीय प्राचीन संस्कृति और इतिहास में महिलाओं को देवी, संत और कवि के रूप में माना जाता है। आधुनिक समय में हम दुनिया में सबसे बड़ा लोकतंत्र होने और निकट भविष्य में एक महाशक्ति होने की संभावना के बारे में दावा कर सकते हैं। लेकिन सच्चाई यह है कि आज तक भारत में नारी उत्पीड़न स्पष्ट रूप से दिखाई देता है, महिला उच्च या निम्न जाति से आ सकती है, पुरुष प्रधान भारत में उसका भाग्य कमोबेश एक जैसा है। लेकिन निचले तबके और जाति की महिलाओं को एक महिला और दूसरी वंचित जातियों से संबंधित होने के कारण दोगुने नुकसान होते हैं। निम्न वर्ग की महिलाओं को लोगों में निरक्षरता के उच्च प्रतिशत के कारण और बहुत रूढ़िवादी धर्म का पालन करने के कारण भी समस्याओं और भेदभाव का सामना करना पड़ता है। इन महिलाओं द्वारा सामना किया जाने वाला भेदभाव मुख्य रूप से अन्यायपूर्ण प्राचीन कानूनों और रीति-रिवाजों का प्रभाव है जो पीढ़ी से पीढ़ी तक पारित हो जाते हैं। निचली जातियों में शिक्षा की कमी के कारण, इन अन्यायपूर्ण कानूनों और रीति-रिवाजों को कभी चुनौती नहीं दी गई, लेकिन व्यापक रूप से स्वीकार किया गया। एक दण्डनीय अपराध घोषित करने के बावजूद गुप्त रूप से पालन की जाने वाली कुरीतियों में से एक कन्या भ्रूण हत्या है। महिला शिशुओं को गर्भ में ही मार दिया जाता था और उन्हें सूर्य की रोशनी भी देखने की अनुमति नहीं होती थी। महिलाओं की जनसंख्या में प्रति 1000 पुरुषों पर 900 से भी कम की गिरावट सरकारी एजेंसियों के लिए चिंता का विषय है। यह माना जाता है कि लड़कियां परिवार के लिए एक दायित्व हैं। दहेज की मांग के कारण उन्हें अंत में परिवार का पैसा खर्च करना पड़ता था। इसी तरह, परिवार को यह महसूस हो सकता है कि वे केवल किसी और के लिए लड़कियों की परवरिश कर रहे हैं, क्योंकि लड़कियां अंततः दूल्हे के घर का हिस्सा बन जाएंगी कि किसी और की लड़की उनकी दुल्हन बनेगी। मनुस्मृति (9:3) में कहा गया है कि स्त्री स्वतंत्रता के योग्य नहीं है। अछूतों और हिंदू धर्म में सभी महिलाओं को शिक्षा से वंचित या प्रतिबंधित कर दिया गया था। महिलाओं में शिक्षा की कमी और अछूत (अब दलित कहलाते हैं) ने अस्पृश्यता, अपनी संपत्ति के अधिकार की अनदेखी, किसी की संपत्ति की रक्षा करने का अधिकार, सती, देवदास, दहेज, भ्रूण हत्या, गरिमा का जीवन, गुलामी, अत्याचार, और अन्य दमनकारी नियंत्रणों के लिए जगह बनाई। जैसे उच्च जाति के हिंदुओं द्वारा विशेष रूप से प्रोहित या ब्राह्मण जाति द्वारा बहुसंख्यक आबादी के साथ अमानवीय व्यवहार। केवल उच्च जाति और जाति समर्थित नियमों ने अपने लिए ही केक भुना। भारत ने सदियों से अपनी स्वतंत्रता खो दी क्योंकि केवल एक सूक्ष्म अल्पसंख्यक पुरुष क्षत्रियों (कुल जनसंख्या का लगभग 6%) को देश की रक्षा का काम सौंपा गया था। केवल एक हाथ पूर्ण आक्रमणकारियों ने भारत को लूटा, बहुतों को मार डाला और हमारी महिलाओं सहित भारी लूट के साथ भाग गए। ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी नियम की स्थापना के साथ, इसने 1813 तक भारत में शिक्षा की ओर कोई ध्यान नहीं दिया। 1813 में, पहली बार, कंपनी ने भारत में शिक्षा को बढ़ावा देने के लिए कुछ फंड की व्यवस्था की। शिक्षा का माध्यम अंग्रेजी था। वर्ष 1855 तक, केवल 1474 शैक्षणिक संस्थान थे जो बीस करोड़ की आबादी के लिए सरकार द्वारा चलाए जा रहे थे या सहायता प्राप्त कर रहे थे। केवल 67,569 विद्यार्थी ही इन अन्तर्ज्ञान से शिक्षा प्राप्त कर रहे थे। चूंकि इन स्कूलों में अधिकांश शिक्षक ब्राह्मण थे, इसलिए उन्होंने सरकार में भी दलित और महिला छात्रों को शिक्षित करने से इनकार कर दिया। सहायता प्राप्त स्कूलों में यहां तक कि उच्च जाति के माता-पिता ने भी अपने बच्चों को उन संस्थानों में शिक्षा प्राप्त करने से मना कर दिया जहां दलित छात्रों को प्रवेश दिया गया था। लगभग 1628 ईसाई मिशनरी स्कूल थे जिनमें लगभग 64,000 छात्र थे। 1854 के वुड्स डिस्पैच के बाद से 1882 तक सरकार ने उच्च शिक्षा के लिए कुछ महत्वपूर्ण कदम उठाए, लेकिन प्राथमिक शिक्षा की लगभग उपेक्षा की गई। 1881-82 के आर्थिक वर्ष में, सरकार द्वारा शिक्षा पर खर्च किए गए 70,00,000 रुपये में से केवल 16,77,000 प्राथमिक शिक्षा पर खर्च किए गए थे। इस दुर्भाग्यपूर्ण पृष्ठभूमि के साथ महिलाओं और दलितों को शिक्षित करने के बारे में सोचना बेहद मुश्किल था। भारतीय इतिहास में जानी जाने वाली एक सुनहरे दिल वाली पहली महिला को सलाम, जो सामाजिक रूप से सबसे अधिक नफरत और शोषित "महिला" प्राणी सहित दलितों के सामाजिक उत्थान के लिए जीवित रही और मरी। उनका नाम सावित्रीबाई था जिनका जन्म 3 जनवरी 1831 को नया गंज, तहसील खंडाला, जिला सतारा, महाराष्ट्र में हुआ था। उनके पिता का नाम खादो जी नेवसे पाटिल था। उनके जन्म के समय, किसी को भी इस बात का एहसास नहीं हो सकता था कि प्रकाश की छोटी किरण जो सावित्रीबाई के रूप में पृथ्वी पर उतरी थी, कई लोगों के लिए मशाल वाहक बन जाएगी, जो दबे हुए, अनपढ़, बीमार, खराब कपड़े और बिजली के लिए एक मशाल बन गए थे। अपने ही देश और धर्म के लाखों लोगों पर जाति और लिंग के नाम पर अत्याचार करने वाले दमनकारी और उत्पीड़क। 1840 में 9 वर्ष की अल्पायु में उनका विवाह एक महान सामाजिक क्रांतिकारी ज्योतिराव फुले से हुआ, जो उस समय 13 वर्ष के थे। इसलिए सावित्रीबाई ने अपना नया नाम सावित्रीबाई फुले के रूप में प्राप्त किया। दो छोटी रोशनी का मिलन बाद में उनके लाखों साथी देशवासियों के लिए एक बड़े लाइट हाउस के रूप में उभरा और उन्हें उच्च जाति के हिंदुओं द्वारा उनके साथ किए गए अज्ञान, अशिक्षा और दुर्व्यवहार से बाहर निकाला। धर्म का नाम। उन्होंने संयुक्त रूप से भारत के पददलित लोगों को रीढ़ की हड्डी को सीधा रखते हुए सम्मान के साथ जीने के लिए संघर्ष किया। ज्योतिराव फुले, जिन्हें बाद में प्यार से महात्मा ज्योतिराव फुले कहा जाता था, ने घोषणा की कि निरक्षरता सभी बीमारियों का कारण बुद्धि की कमी है, जो बदले में नैतिकता की कमी का कारण बनती है, जिसका परिणाम ठहराव में होता है, धन और धन की और हानि को बढ़ावा देता है। इसलिए ब्राह्मणवादी साहित्य में शूद्रों और महिलाओं को शिक्षा पर प्रतिबंध लगाने से उनका सर्वांगीण पतन हुआ, इसलिए उन्होंने शूद्रों और महिलाओं को उनके समग्र उत्थान के लिए शिक्षा प्रदान करने को प्राथमिकता दी। सावित्रीभाई को शिक्षा उनके पति द्वारा मिशनरी स्कूल के अलावा घर पर भी दी जाती थी। ज्योतिराव ने 1847 में स्कॉटिश मिशन हाई स्कूल पूना से माध्यमिक शिक्षा की परीक्षा पास की थी और सरकार के अधीन किसी भी नौकरी को स्वीकार नहीं करने का फैसला किया था। पाइन की प्रसिद्ध पुस्तक "द राइट्स ऑफ मैन" को पढ़कर ज्योतिराव फुले के युवा दिमाग में क्रांतिकारी बदलाव आया और उन्होंने बदले में सावित्रीभाई के कोमल दिमाग को प्रभावित किया, जिन्होंने अपने जीवन और आराम की कीमत पर भी अपने पति को सामाजिक क्रांति के लिए मदद करने की शपथ ली। फुले दंपत्ति के इस तरह के कृत्य के लिए रूढ़िवादी उच्च जाति के हिंदुओं द्वारा शुरू किए गए शातिर अभियान के खिलाफ उन्होंने 1 जनवरी, 1848 को संयुक्त रूप से पहला बालिका विद्यालय खोला। शूद्रों और लड़कियों (सभी जातियों की लड़कियों) को शिक्षा को रूढ़िवादी हिंदुओं के कानूनों में गैरकानूनी के रूप में कोडित किया गया था, हालांकि उन्होंने "वेदस" नामक सबसे अधिक जानकार पुस्तकों का दावा किया था, लेकिन व्यावहारिक रूप से शूद्रों और महिलाओं के साथ जानवरों से भी बदतर व्यवहार किया। इस नए खुले बालिका विद्यालय में पढ़ाने के लिए कोई उच्च जाति का हिंदू शिक्षक आगे नहीं आया, जिसमें 2 अछूत लड़कियों के अलावा 4 हिंदू लड़कियों को प्रवेश दिया गया था। इसलिए, ज्योतिराव फुले द्वारा 1 जनवरी 1848 को सावित्रीबाई को इस स्कूल की प्रधानाध्यापिका के रूप में नियुक्त किया गया था। यह स्कूल बुधवारा पेठ में एक ब्राह्मण के घर से चलाया जाता था, जिसमें अधिकांश 4 ब्राह्मण छात्राएं थीं। रूढ़िवादी ब्राह्मणों ने शूद्र लड़कियों सहित महिला शिक्षा को आगे बढ़ाने के खिलाफ बहुत शोर मचाया, जो हिंदू धार्मिक मानदंडों द्वारा प्रतिबंधित थी। सावित्रीबाई जैसे ही अपने घर से स्कूल जाने के लिए निकलतीं, लोग उनकी गाय का गोबर और मिट्टी खराब करने वाली पोशाक पर फेंक देते, जिसे वह स्कूल में धोती थी और लौटने पर अपने आवास पर। हालाँकि उच्च जाति के हिंदूओं द्वारा उनके साथ किए गए दुर्व्यवहार ने उन्हें उनके दृढ़ विश्वास से नहीं रोका और उन्होंने सामाजिक परिवर्तन के लिए नेक काम किया। इसके बजाय, उन्होंने 15 मई 1848 को अछूतों की कॉलोनी में एक और स्कूल खोला और इसे उनकी विधवा भाभी (पति की बहन) श्रीमती द्वारा चलाया जाता था। सुगनाबाई। इस पर फिर प्रतिक्रियावादियों ने आपत्ति जताई और गोविंदा राव (ज्योतिराव के पिता) को गंभीर परिणाम भुगतने की धमकी दी, अगर वह अपने बेटे और बहू की गतिविधियों से खुद को अलग करने में विफल रहे। इसलिए गोविंदा राव ने दंपति को अपना घर छोड़ने के लिए कहा क्योंकि दोनों ने अपने मिशनरी प्रयास को छोड़ने से इनकार कर दिया। दोनों एक मुस्लिम मियां उस्मान शेख के घर शिफ्ट हो गए। श्रीमती 19वीं सदी की पहली मुस्लिम महिला शिक्षिका के रूप में जानी जाने वाली मियां शेख की बहन फातिमा ने इसी स्कूल में दलित बच्चों को पढ़ाना शुरू किया था. सरकार और सामाजिक हलकों में ब्राह्मण वर्चस्व के उन दिनों में यह एक अत्यंत कठिन कार्य था, लेकिन सावित्रीबाई ने अपने साहस, दृढ़ संकल्प, बुद्धिमत्ता और शिक्षा के प्रसार के माध्यम से दलित और महिला उत्थान के लिए अपनी प्रतिबद्धता के बल पर ऐसा किया। उनके सशक्त करण का एकमात्र मार्ग ज्योतिराव फुले ने ब्रिटिश सरकार को उच्च जातियों की शिक्षा पर राज्य के राजस्व का एक बड़ा हिस्सा खर्च करने के लिए दोषी ठहराया, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप ब्राह्मणों द्वारा सरकार के तहत सभी उच्च कार्यालयों का एकाधिकार हो गया। समर्पित युगल चाहते हैं इस एकाधिकार को तोड़ना चाहते थे ताकि पददलित जनसमुदाय को अपनी मातृभूमि में मनुष्य के समान अधिकार होने के संघर्ष के लिए तैयार किया जा सके। ज्योतिराव फुले के आग्रह पर लॉर्ड रिपन ने विलियम हंटर की अध्यक्षता में एक शिक्षा आयोग की नियुक्ति की। अंग्रेजी ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी के बोर्ड ऑफ कंट्रोल के अध्यक्ष सर चार्ल्स वुड का भारत में अंग्रेजी सीखने और महिला शिक्षा के प्रसार पर महत्वपूर्ण प्रभाव पड़ा। जब 1854 में उन्होंने भारत के तत्कालीन गवर्नर-जनरल लॉर्ड डलहौजी को एक प्रेषण भेजा। वुड ने सुझाव दिया कि प्राथमिक विद्यालयों को स्थानीय भाषाओं को अपनाना चाहिए, उच्च विद्यालयों को एंग्लो स्थानीय भाषा और कॉलेज स्तर पर शिक्षा के लिए अंग्रेजी माध्यम अपनाना चाहिए। इसे वुड्स डिस्पैच के नाम से जाना जाता है। व्यावसायिक और महिला शिक्षा पर जोर दिया गया। भारतीय रूढ़िवादी समाज की भलाई के लिए अंग्रेजों द्वारा उठाए गए सबसे अनुकूल कदमों में से एक। अन्य बातों के अलावा वुड्स ने प्रभावित किया कि हर जिले में कम से कम एक सरकारी स्कूल खोला जाए और सरकार को हमेशा महिलाओं की शिक्षा का समर्थन करना चाहिए। यह भारत में पहली बार सभी के लिए शिक्षा का मार्ग प्रशस्त करने वाला हुआ। इस आयोग ने वुड्स डिस्पैच के प्रमुख बिंदुओं को दोहराया, हालांकि इसने पिछड़े वर्गों को प्राथमिक शिक्षा और शिक्षा पर अधिक ध्यान देने का सुझाव दिया। महात्मा फुले द्वारा हंटर आयोग को दिया गया यह स्मारक दस्तावेज आधुनिक भारत में शैक्षिक विकास को समझने के लिए अत्यधिक महत्व का दस्तावेज था। इस दस्तावेज़ में, फुले का तर्क है कि सरकार द्वारा अपनाया गया सिद्धांत कि शिक्षा को समाज के उच्च वर्गों से जनता तक जाना चाहिए, एक "यूटोपियन" विचार के अलावा और कुछ नहीं है। वह आगे इस सिद्धांत की सच्चाई का एक ही उदाहरण मांगता है। उन्हें उद्धृत करने के लिए, उच्च वर्गों ने "अपने ज्ञान को एक व्यक्तिगत उपहार के रूप में अपने पास रखा है, अज्ञानी अश्लील के संपर्क से गंदा नहीं होना चाहिए।" उनका दावा है कि शिक्षा प्रणाली उच्च वर्गों का एकाधिकार बन गई है और "यदि रैयत का कल्याण दिल में है, तो यह सरकार का कर्तव्य है कि वह कई तरह की गालियों को रोके, उन्हें इस एकाधिकार को दिन-ब-दिन सीमित करना चाहिए। ताकि अन्य जातियों के लोगों को सार्वजनिक सेवाओं में शामिल होने दिया जा सके।" महात्मा फुले ने सभी को मुफ्त और अनिवार्य शिक्षा के लिए 1882 में हंटर आयोग को सौंपे गए ज्ञापन में जोरदार मांग की। इस याचिका को बाद में डॉ. बी.आर. अम्बेडकर और उन्होंने इस आदर्श को स्वतंत्र भारत के संविधान में "भारतीय संविधान के पिता" के रूप में शामिल किया। तब विधवा पुनर्विवाह पर प्रतिबंध लगा दिया गया था और ब्राह्मणों सहित हिंदुओं में बाल विवाह बहुत आम था। कई हिंदू विधवाओं ने सार्वजनिक रूप से सती (अपने पति के शव के साथ दुल्हन को जलाना) का सहारा लिया। नेकदिल राजा राम मोहन राय (1774-1833) के प्रयास रूढ़िवादी हिंदुओं के दिमाग पर कोई सेंध लगाने में विफल रहे थे। असहाय महिलाओं और बच्चे के साथ इस अमानवीय व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए। बहुत सी महिलाओं को कम उम्र में ही खिड़की से बाहर कर दिया गया था और उनमें से सभी उस तरीके से नहीं रह सकीं, जिसमें रूढ़िवादी लोग उनसे जीने की उम्मीद करते थे, खासकर जब उनकी युवावस्था का उनके परिवार और रिश्तेदारों द्वारा शोषण किया जाता था। कुछ लाचार विधवाओं ने गर्भपात का सहारा लिया या अपने नाजायज बच्चों को सड़कों पर छोड़कर उनके भाग्य पर छोड़ दिया। उनके लिए अफ़सोस की बात है कि अनाथालय में स्थापित फुले दंपत्ति, संभवत: एक हिंदू द्वारा स्थापित और वित्त पोषित इस तरह की पहली संस्था (फुले युगल भारत के कई राज्यों में सैनी उपजाति अब ओबीसी से संबंधित एक हिंदू जोड़ा था)। फुले दंपत्ति ने गर्भवती विधवाओं को संरक्षण दिया और उन्हें आश्वासन दिया कि यह अनाथालय उनके बच्चों की देखभाल करेगा और सावित्रीबाई फुले ने अनाथालय के प्रबंधन की जिम्मेदारी संभाली। यह इस अनाथालय में था जहां काशी बाई नाम की एक ब्राह्मण युवा लेकिन असहाय विधवा ने 1873 में एक लड़के को जन्म दिया और फुले दंपत्ति ने अपने बेटे के रूप में नवजात को गोद लिया और उसे यशवंत नाम दिया। फुले दंपत्ति ने यशवंत को योग्य चिकित्सक बनने की शिक्षा दी। 1876-77 के अकाल के दौरान सावित्रीबाई फुले ने अपने डॉक्टर बेटे की मदद से लगभग 200 बच्चों को मुफ्त में खिलाया और उनकी देखभाल की। वह अपने पति के लिए शक्ति का एक बड़ा स्रोत थी। सावित्रीबाई न केवल एक शिक्षाविद थीं बल्कि एक महान परोपकारी, सामाजिक क्रांतिकारी, लेखिका और कवि थीं। शायद वह पहली भारतीय महिला क्रांतिकारी थीं, जिन्होंने दलितों, कमज़ोर , दलित महिलाओं और बच्चों की मुक्ति के लिए सभी बाधाओं के खिलाफ काम किया। 1854 में पहली बार प्रकाशित उनकी कविता पुस्तक का शीर्षक था "कबये फुले" अपनी एक कविता में वह बताती हैं कि भारत के मूल निवासियों को आर्यों द्वारा शैक्षिक अवसरों से वंचित करने के कारण अंग्रेज भारत में अपना शासन स्थापित करने में सफल रहे। विभिन्न आक्रमणों के दौरान 94% आबादी को मूकदर्शक बना दिया गया था, लेकिन खत्रियों को केवल अपनी व्यक्तिगत और देश की रक्षा के लिए हथियार रखने के लिए अधिकृत किया गया था .. जब उनकी मातृभूमि पर विदेशी आक्रमणकारियों ने जबरन कब्जा कर लिया था, जिसके लिए ब्राह्मण और जाति के अलावा कोई नहीं प्रणाली जिम्मेदार थे। जब सावित्रीबाई फुले को उनके भाई ने भटों (ब्राह्मणों) द्वारा दिखाए गए मार्ग पर चलने के लिए कहा, तो उन्होंने यह कहकर उन्हें फटकार लगाई कि वह अपने पति द्वारा अनुसरण किए जा रहे न्यायपूर्ण मार्ग पर चल रही हैं और वह अपने भाई की तरह ब्राह्मणों की अंध अनुयायी नहीं हो सकती हैं। उसने भी ताना मारते हुए उससे कहा, "जाओ और गाय और बकरी से प्यार करो और नागपंचमी पर सांपों को दूध चढ़ाओ, तब भी ब्राह्मण तुम्हें अछूत बताकर पूजा साथ से बाहर कर देंगे। यह उनके दृढ़ विश्वास और इच्छा शक्ति को दर्शाता है, जब वास्तव में वह बहुत ही शिष्ट महिला थीं, जिनका दिल सभी के लिए प्यार से भरा था। नवंबर 1890 में अपने पति की मृत्यु के बाद, उन्होंने "सत्य शोध-समाज" के मामलों को सफलतापूर्वक सात वर्षों तक प्रबंधित किया। दुर्भाग्यपूर्ण बच्चों की जरूरतों की देखभाल के लिए अपने पति द्वारा स्थापित। 1897 में महाराष्ट्र में हैजा के प्रसार के दौरान उन्होंने ग्रामीण और शहरी क्षेत्रों में सभी पीड़ितों के लिए कई सहायता केंद्र खोले। वह व्यक्तिगत रूप से हैजा के रोगियों को अपने बेटे यशवंत के क्लिनिक में ले जाती थी, जिन्होंने उनमें से सैकड़ों को मुफ्त में ठीक किया। हैजा ग्रस्त महार बालक को व्यक्तिगत रूप से अपने पुत्र के क्लिनिक में ले जाते समय और उसे वहाँ भर्ती कराने के लिए, वह महार बालक से संक्रमित हो गई और 10 मार्च 1897 को हैजा से उसकी मृत्यु हो गई। सार्वभौम भाईचारे की सामाजिक व्यवस्था स्थापित करने के लिए धार्मिक वंश, जाति और वंश की बेड़ियों को तोड़ने के लिए कड़ी मेहनत करने वाली लौह महिला को हम सलाम करते हैं। वह पहली भारतीय महिला नेता थीं, जिन्होंने महिलाओं और बच्चों के उत्थान और सम्मान के लिए काम किया और अस्पृश्यता सहित रूढ़िवादी कानूनों की कट्टर विरोधी थीं। वह असहाय अनाथों की माँ, निरक्षरों की शिक्षिका और बीमार और पीड़ित जनता को सांत्वना देती थी। वह "भारत में महिला शिक्षा की माँ" के रूप में सम्मानित होने की पात्र थीं, अन्य महिलाएं जिन्होंने सावित्रीबाई फुले की मदद की, वे एक ब्राह्मण महिला पंडिता रमाबाई थीं। पंडितिया रमाबाई जो भारत में महिलाओं के अधिकारों और कल्याण के लिए अग्रणी वकील थीं; ताराबाई शिंदे, गैर-ब्राह्मण लेखिका हैं, जिन्होंने लैंगिक असमानता पर एक ज्वलंत लेख लिखा था, जिसे उस समय काफी हद तक नजरअंदाज कर दिया गया था, लेकिन हाल ही में यह प्रसिद्ध हो गया है; और फुले के स्कूल में चौदह वर्षीय छात्र मुक्ताबाई, जिनका मंगल और महार जातियों के सामाजिक उत्पीड़न पर निबंध भी अब प्रसिद्ध है। वह आज भी समानता, न्याय और बंधुत्व पर आधारित शासन स्थापित करने के लिए प्रेरणा स्रोत हैं। आइए हम उनके जीवन और कार्यों से प्रेरणा लें और समाज के उन वर्गों के अलावा दलितों और दलितों की सेवा के लिए खुद को फिर से समर्पित करें जो जीवन के समान अवसरों से वंचित हैं। भारत सरकार को महिला शिक्षा के लिए उनके अद्वितीय कार्य के लिए उन्हें भारत रत्न से सम्मानित करने के बारे में सोचना चाहिए। ईर. हेम राज फौंसा E Mail:hrphonsa@gmail.com Blogspot: Dalit Vision सन्दर्भ:- (i) नागमय संस्कृति उज्जैन (एमपी) दिनांक 8-7-1997। (ii) महात्मा जोतिराव फुले द्वारा दासता (खंड I) प्रो.पी.जी द्वारा अनुवादित। पाटिल शिक्षा विभाग महाराष्ट्र सरकार बॉम्बे 1991 iii) जोतिभा फुले (हिंदी) दुर्गा प्रसाद शुक्ल द्वारा एनसीईआरटी अप्रैल 1991 iv) डॉ अम्बेडकर और उनका मिशन दानजय कीर द्वारा v) शोषित समाज के क्रांतिकारी प्रवर्तक (हिंदी) सीएस भंडारी प्रकाशकों द्वारा: सम्यक प्रकाशन 32/3 क्लब रोड पश्चिम पुरी एन दिल्ली

Dakshayani (1912 -78),the only Dalit Woman Member in the Constitution making Body.

Dakshayani (1912 -78) whole India witnessed casteism and Hindu Sudras including untouchables suffered most inhuman treatments under hands of their caste upper caste Hindus. This ill treatment was at its peak during Peshawa rule (1674-1857), which was perhaps worst time for the untouchable castes when it was mandatory for them to tie an earthen pot with their neck to spit and a broom at the back to sweep their foot marks, else Brahmins may get polluted. Their ladies young and old were prohibited to wear clothes above their waists. Kerala also was hit by this malady in its worst form. It continued in its ugliest form even during the 19th and early 20th centuries when the lower caste people such as Ezhavas and the untouchable castes like Paraiyars, tribals and Pulayars had to suffer discrimination from caste community . Many courageous well-meaning social and religious leaders from untouchable communities revolted against such inhuman acts of upper castes. Those who spearheaded revolutionary persons was Narayana Guru(1856-1928) a philosopher, spiritual leader and social reformer in India. He was joined by Mahatama Ayyankali (1863-1941),who broke the Hindu caste suppression laws and rod an oxen cart banned for the Dalit Mulnivasies to show that they need be treated as human. Chattampi Swamikal (1853- 1924) denounced the orthodox interpretation of Hindu texts citing sources from Vedas. He said his universe is the manifestation of but one mind. Alienation between one mind and another mind is unnatural. Swamikal also worked for the emancipation of women and encouraged them to come to the forefront of society. He said that the enslavement of women was a manifestation of male arrogance. The tale of suppression by the upper castes Aryans of the else while untouchables, now named Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Other Back ward Classes (OBCs) continued. In the present times it is carried with different modes, mottos and intensities. Its resistance by exploited masses has also continued through their leaders all these times. The Bhagati Movement saints(15CE-17CE), particularly Dalit saints like Nam Dev, Kabir, Ravidas, Tukaram, chokhamela played a significant role in awakening Dalit masses against their religious exploitation by religious priests. In the last 200 years Dalit leaders Mahatma Jyotorao Phuley (1827-90), Birsa Munda (1875-1900), Maharaja Baroda Siyaji Rao Giakward III (1863-1939), Chhaterpati Sahu Ji Maharaj (1874-1922), Baba Ghadge (1876-1956) E.V. Ramaswamy Pariyar (1879-19730) Dr. Baba Saheb B.R. Ambedkar (1891-1956). He role played by these leaders Shaked the very roots of the exploiters in social, education and economic spheres. Bhima Koregaon incident is a symbol of the long history of Dalit warriorship with social mobility and casted great blow to Hindu imperialism. Dr. Baba Saheb burnt the Hindu Law Code Manusmiriti, a book of hate against untouchables and women on 25th December 1927. Instead of Manusmiriti he gave India its Constitution based of equality, brotherhood, fraternity. By his conversion with lacs of his followers to India’s oldest faith Buddhism, a religion of teaching universal brotherhood, Baba Saheb gave an escape route to Dalit masses, from the cage of hate and exploitative religion of their forefathers. This tale was carried by many Dalit ladies, one among them was Dakshayani Velayudhan. She earned the distinction of being first graduate and lone Dalit woman member of the Constituent Assembly. Dakshayani, was the daughter of Kallachammuri Kunjhan and his wife Maani, was born of 4 July 1912 off the coast of Cochin in Mulavukad , an rural slave caste, Pulayas. She was married to R. Velayudhan a Scheduled Caste leader who became later a Member of Parliament. Their wedding was held at Sewagram in Wardha Maharashtra, in presence of Mahatma Gandhi and Kasturba. A leper from Sewagram acted as a priest. Out of the legal wedlock of the couple had four sons Dr. Reghu (One time doctor for Smt. Indira Gandhi), Prahladan, Dhruvan, Bhagirath (Secretary General, The Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) and one daughter Meera. She was reported to be also related to Dr. K R Narayanan the 10th President of India. She was a child of social change. She saw the early 1900s struggles for equality and recognition across Kerala. She lived for 66 years and passed in July 1978. Dakshayani’s while narrating formation of the Pulaya Mahana Sabha conveyed her the prevailing conditions on the public, the private, and public practices of anti-caste assertions The Low caste people were even allowed to hold their meeting on main land. So when Pulaya Mahajana Sabha(1913) was formed , organizers had to hold meeting in sea over country boats tied together in the sea in Bolghatty, as sea had now caste. The meeting plate form raft was made by joining together a large number of catamarans (multi-hull Boat) with the help and support of the fisherfolk Shri Krishnethi who was Dakshayani’s uncle being brother of her father Kunjan. Besides other her two brothers were also actively participated. Dakshayani graduated in 1935 with Chemistry, as first Dalit women of India, from Maharajas College in Ernakulam, Kochi. Three years later she completed her teachers' training course from the Madras University . During her studies she faced the blunt of untouchability as in the college she had to see practices from a distance, her teacher did not allow her to join other students in Chemistry laboratory. However, her studies were supported by scholarships from the government of the Cochin State From 1935 to 1945 she worked as a teacher at the Government High Schools in Trichur and Tripunithura. She dared to challenge the age-old stigma of Dalit women not to wear clothes above waist. She followed suit to wear upper waist covering after her mother Maani and sister. The low caste people were snatched right to walk on common designated pathways. Dakshayani had reportedly written in her book that as teacher she was asked by another upper caste lady walker to clear way for her. But Dakshayani did not oblige her, so she had to get down 4-5 feet down into paddy field, and then come on the path to continue her journey. Joining her political journey as per “Down memory lane of politics”, she called her Cochin Legislative Council nomination (1942). On August 2, 1945, Daksha ani spoke for the first time in the Cochin Legislative Council, in English. Pointing out that funds for the depressed classes were dwindling, she called for proportional reservation in panchayats and municipalities. Dakshayani also said that as long as untouchability remained, the word Harijan was meaningless, it was like calling dogs Napoleon. In the Constitution debates she even suggested to promptly ban untouchably by an ordinance Nominating Dakshayani a member of the Constituent Assembly (1946) was “interesting and historical”. The Indian Constitution Assembly had 299 members including 15 women members with Madam Dakshayani one from Dalit castes. In Constitution Assembly she supported the Chairman Constitution Drafting Committee Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar to the extent her Congress party manifesto permitted. In Parliament she took special interest in the matters of education especially that of the Scheduled Castes. On 8 November 1948, after Dr BR Ambedkar introduced the draft Constitution for discussion, she expressed her appreciation for the draft while calling for greater decentralization. On that day (Dr. H. C. Mookherjee ), Vice President was in the chair. While praising Dr. Baba Saheb’s labour despite his failing health, she said that the able and eloquent Chairman of the drafting Committee has done his duty creditably within the scope of the general set-up of the new State of India. I feel that even if he wanted, he could not have gone beyond the broad principles under which transfer of power took place and I therefore think that any criticism that is levelled against him is totally uncharitable and undeserved. Continuing her speech, she further said that even if there is any blame - and I think there is - it should go only to those of us who are present here and who were sent for the purpose of framing a constitution and on whom responsibilities were conferred by the dumb millions of this land who by virtue of their suffering for independence had great hopes when they sent us to this Assembly. She expressed some views which went against the draft Constitution schemes of things suggested in the draft Constitution. While speaking how the Construction shall work, when it comes in force, she said that the working of the Constitution will depend upon how the people will conduct themselves in the future, not on the actual execution of the law. So, she hoped that in course of time there will not be such a community known as Untouchables and that our delegates abroad will not have to hang their heads in shame if somebody raises such a question in an organization of international nature. But ,alas, this has not happened even after seven decades of our independence. While stressing abolition of untouchability by law she said “We cannot expect a constitution without a clause relating to untouchability because the Chairman of the Drafting Committee himself belongs to the untouchable community”. She suggested in her that the Constituent Assembly should go beyond framing a constitution and “give people a new framework for life”, use the opportunity to make untouchability illegal, and ensure “moral safeguard that gives real protection to the underdogs of India” (CA Debates, 151-152). Her idea of moral safeguards showed her maturity of mind that only an independent socialist republic could uplift unprivileged so remove social disabilities. Many of her assertions show richness of her mind making and her worries about welfare of her Low caste samaj along with her country. She also suggested that the final draft of the Constitution should be adopted following a ratification through a general election knowing not that the time was short to place a democratic system in action for India. Dakshayani’s political, social and personal views were her own independent thought and opinion. Her apprehensions for selection of state Governors from a panel of 4 persons have come true. While elucidation her point she said if the central Government happens to be of Congress, the Congress man will be selected. But before she could finish her speech, she was interrupted by the Chair, who said, she had exceeded her time limit, and that he was letting her continue “only because you are a lady.” After 70 years of independence her points most have proven correct. This is generally happening in selection posts, may be Governors, bureaucrats etc. the party in position decided merits on its norms. She suggested to select Governors by public. Now we observe that if a chief Minister belongs to one political party and other party is ruling in center. Then the Chief Minister and Governor mostly their hold views, on matters of common public interests, matching to the party ruling in State and Centre interests. She intervened again on 29 November 1948, during discussions on draft Article 17 to lend her support, to abolishes untouchability and to forbid its practice in any form. Often, she told by other women members that she asked too many questions. All other women members had come from privileged class like like Vijaylakshmi Pandit, Sarojini Naidu, Begum Aizaz, Rasul Kamla Chaudhary, Renuka Ray but contribution of Dakshayani in constitution drafting debates was much more than any other women members. Dakshayani was president of the Depressed Classes Youths Fine arts Club and the Managing Editor of The Common Man in Madras from 1946-49. She later became the founder president of the Mahila Jagriti Parishad. Honoring Dakshayani Velayudhan, the first and only Dalit woman MLA and Member Constitution Drafting Assembly, the Kerala government has constituted the “Dakshayani Velayudhan Award” to be given annually to women who contributed in empowering other women in the state. The budget earmarked Rs 2 crore for the award This announcement was made by the Kerala Finance Minister Dr. Thomas Isaac during the presentation of Kerala Budget 2019 in the Legislative Assembly on 31 January 2019. She will be long remembered for her services to Indian in general and Dalit Samaj in Particu Words:-1983 Er.H.R.Phonsa Dated 29-12-2021 Refences: - 1.(Indian Express April20,2019). 2. Kshirsagar, R K (1994). Dalit Movement in India and Its Leaders, 1857-1956 Dakshayani died after a short illness in July 1978. She was 66. 3.Google.

Manusmiriti Dehan

Today is the Ninety Six Anniverasy of Manusmiriti Dehan Dated : 25th Dec,2021 Let us salute those who organised Manusmiriti Dehan, burnt Munusmiriti and witnessed this scene on its 92nd anniversary. Ninety-Six years ago today, that is, on December 25, 1927, Babasaheb Ambedkar burned Manusmriti as a symbol of rejection of the religious basis of untouchability. Why it was thought to burn Manusmiriti Manusmititi is a Hindu Law book which denies/denied all human rights to untouchable( Now called Scs, STs, OBCs) and all women irrespective of her caste affiliations. The event was arranged during the Mahad Satyagraha. Mahad Satyagraha was perhaps first fight worldwide to exert right to take water from public water bodies by human who were classified as Hindus Shudras. It was also a fight of Untouchable to declare that they will fight to gain humanity and dignity which was denied to them till centuries. Bharat Ratna Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was a committed advocate for the cause of emancipation of untouchable and women’s ,socially and educationally. It was a political action to burn Manusmriti in full public view, as Baba Saheb was convinced that Manusmiriti contained rules which were preaching inhumane treatment not only towards women but also “Untouchables”, in all walks of life both in private or public spheres. It was clear revolt against Brahminism inhuman treatments to their religious brothers clubbed in IV verna. The actual burning of Manusmiriti on 27th Decemember 1927 was joined among others by Saraswati Brahmin Gagadhar Neelkanth Sahasrabuddhe affectionately called as “Bapu” by his Ambedkarite admirers. He was a committed volunteer of the Samaj Samata Sangha founded by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. He also served in the Social Service League as its chief. When Manusmriti was publicly burnt on 25th December 1927, at Mahad, Mr. Sahasrabuddhe alias Bapu Ji played very dedicated role along with many trusted lieutenants of Baba Saheb. R.K Kshirsagar in his book “Dalit Movement in India and its Leaders” writes that Gagadhar Neelkanth Sahasrabuddhe alias Bapu saheb was a Brahmin by caste, social worker and actually he burnt the Manusmiriti in full public view at Mahad where besides many others P.N. Rajbhoj, B.K. Giakward, Mr. Sitaram Shivtarkar and Dr. Ambedkar were present with their thousands of followers. Bapu Saheb Sahasrabuddhe was the Secretary of the Municipal Kamgar Sangha (Worker’s Union) led by Dr. Ambedkar. He served as the editor of the Janata till 1955. This fortnightly paper( later weekly) was initially started by Dr. Ambedkar on 24th November 1930 as a special tool to support and publicize policies and programs of Depressed Classes Movement. The weekly was later renamed as Prabhuddha Bharta on Dr Ambedkar’s directions on 4th February 1956. Another site (www.ambedkar.org) article “Manusmiriti Dahan Din” by Dr. K. Jamanadas has mentioned that a "vedi" was created beforehand to burn Manusmriti. Six people were laboring for two days to prepare it. How the act was performed: A pit six inches deep and one and half foot square was dug in, and filled with sandle wood pieces. On its four corners, poles were erected, bearing banners on three sides. Three sides Banners said, 1. "Manusmriti chi dahan bhumi", i.e. Crematorium for Manusmriti. 2. Destroy Untouchability and 3. Bury the Brahmanism. On 25th December, 1927, at 9 p.m., the book of Manusmriti was kept on this and burned at the hands of BapuSaheb Sahastrabuddhe and another five six Dalit sadhus. At the meeting there was BabaSaheb's historical speech. The main points of speech: We have to understand why we are prevented from drinking water from this tank. He explained Chaturvarna, and declared that our struggle is to destroy the fetters of Chaturvarna; this was the starting point of the struggle for equality. He compared that meeting with the meeting of 24th Jan. 1789, when Loui XVI of France had called a meeting of French people’s representatives. This meeting killed king and queen, harassed and massacred the upper classes, remaining were banished, property of the rich was confiscated, and it started a fifteen year long civil war. People have not grasped the importance of this Revolution. This Revolution was the beginning of the prosperity of not only France but whole of Europe and has revolutionized the whole World. He explained French Revolution in detail. He then explained that our aim is not only to remove untouchabilty but to destroy chaturvarna, as the root cause lies there. He explained how Patricians deceived Plebeians in the name of religion. The root of untouchabilty lies in prohibition of inter-caste marriages, that we have to break, he thundered. He appealed to higher varnas to let this "Social Revolution" take place peacefully, discard the sastras, and accept the principle of justice, and he assured them peace from our side. After the Manusmriti was burned four resolutions were passed and a Declaration of Equality was pronounced. He further declared, that if unfortunately, this burning of Manusmriti does not result in destruction of "Brahmanya", we will have to either burn the "Brahmanya-grast" people (i.e. affected by Brahmanism), or renounce Hinduism. Let each Dalit on this historic day, the 25th December have self introspection whether he/she has adhered to the advice of their emancipator, if not why not. They must evaluate the loss they have suffered for not following ideals of their liberator.They must think of correction in their actions so far ignored. Their emancipator Baba Sahib Dr. Ambedkar lost his kids, wife his life comforts for welfare of his people. He died under debit. They need to mend their ways for the good future of their generations. Let the Dalits know that till Baba’s written Constitution is alive they are alive. They should save it as their first religious act