Matadin Bhangi the originator of 1857 Rebellion.

Matadin Bhangi the originator of 1857 Rebellion.

          (19 July 1827; to 8April, 1857)  

 Matadin  Bhangi  remained  unsung  hero of First war of Independence. He is reported to have born on 19 July 1827.He was from a Valmiki, Scavenger’s             (Bhangi) family. Valmiki Samaj is said to be descendent of Maharishi Valmik. Maharishi Valmik wrote Ramayana , which shows in his times Vamikis were educated. Unfortunately   present time descendents of Valmik Ji are holding Brooms, a reversed form of a peacock feather pen shown held by Maharishi ji while writing Ramayana Epic. How this happening  has gone missing by biased historians is a mystery. The person without whom perhaps First War of Indian Freedom 1857 would not have ever formalized, was brave Matadin alias Matadin Bhangi.

The first step for 1857 Sepoy Munity was moved by him, a Dalit, untouchable by caste. Had Matadin  Bhangi not born the great revolutionary Mangal Pande might not have been immortal hero and 1857 military mutiny may also not happened?    During those times the British had no restrictions on recruitments of untouchables in armed forces.  But the  biased Indian  high caste  historian  while glorifying  contribution of high caste martyrs Mangal  Pande, Maharani Laxmibai , Nana Sahib, Tantria Tope,   etc. as main  war heroes. Those historians    maintained criminal   silence to mention names of  Dalit Martyrs  namely Matadin Bhangi, Jalkaribai Kori, Gangu Mehter, Veera  Pasi,  Banka Chamar, Lajjo,  Avantibai, Udhodevi, , Chet Ram Jatav, Billu Mehtar  and many more. The contributions of these Dalit heroes were no way less if not more than  glorified  Hindu  warriors. This rebellion was fought   by Hindu, Muslim and Dalit untidily without any caste distinctions. So to ignore any body on caste basis cannot be justified any way.

  Among the various factors for failure of 1857 Sepoy Mutiny, the major were disunity among Indian rulers, Zamindars. Their interests were varied and some differed significantly. Some supported and joined this rebellion and many remained out with no mind and courage to oppose the Britisher’s . Also “The Doctrine of Lapse” endangered future of those Indian rulers who if die without natural heirs could not nominate any of the relative to own their kingdoms will be annexed by the Company regime. Between 1803  to 1858 over 30 states were annexed by the Company under this doctrine.  So many rulers fearing of losing their kingdoms in the absence of heir apparent revolted. The Low caste people had no such interests. They had   the interests of their Motherland .They were loyal to their mother land and employers. Holding interests of Mother Land above all interests and commitments, even those who were employed by British Company also joined hands against the British.

  As per a report in Dalit Dastavej Hindi book  among those who got killed  in Freedom struggle from (1857-1947) 68.3% were Shudras,now called Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backwards. Although one  Sandeep Dev quotes from harsh30.wordpress.com( Nov. 15,2014) the following statement in (Hindi)  on “ Akhir Koun they Bhangi,Mehter Aur Valmiki” topic the following

 

 

Dr. Subrahmanian Swamy writes, "The Scheduled Castes are the descendants of those brave Brahmins and Kshatriyas who accepted to be out of the caste, but did not accept the forced conversion of the Mughals. Today's Hindu society should be thankful to them, they should bow down to them, because they never let the Hindu saffron flag bow down, even if they themselves suffered humiliation and oppression. "

The actual meaning of the words Dalit and Valmiki

In order to protect our religion, our ancestors who broke their Janeu ( holy tread), that is, to 'dissolve' the Muslim rulers and the Amir, who carried the scourge and took away the defecation made by them in the head, themselves took a sip of insult, but society Did not stop shaking He did not renounce his crest so that the society was familiar with his Brahmin identity and then after retiring from his work, he started singing Ram Katha from house to house, street to street to awaken Hindu consciousness so that in Hindu Let the great disappointment go away.

 Despite the wish expressed the writer who himself   tells he is Bhumihar Brahmin, the Hindu upper castes have given worst possible treatments to their else while reported  blood brothers.  Upper Caste Hindus forgot  that Bhagwan Valmiks cared, nourished   including  arranging   safe delivery of pregnant  Sita , when she was deserted by her own husband ( Maryada Purshotam Lord Rama) in  lonely and deserted jungle. Mahrishi Valmik a Dalit Saint   brought up Sita’s sons, taught them and trained   them in marshal arts. But Rama did not show any mercy on Sambuk  a  Dalit  Saint and assassinated  him for his projected  crime of worshiping Nature and Nature creator.  Decedents of Maharishi Valmik who compiled Ramayana,the story of Rama  were debarred from schools Education. When Goswami Tusidas wrote Ramayana he assigned  only  right to Suhdras and women to be beaten like beasts.    Daroonacharya  teache to royal princes, Pandavas and Kauravas . He incapacitated   EKLAVYA Dalit archer  by cutting his right hand thumb so that he does not take part in Mahabharta and Arjuna be  decorated   as hero. One writer, Shankaranand Shastri writes in his book My Experiences and Memories Of Baba Sahib Ambedkar( Chapter XiV) ten attempts were made on the life of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar who later gave Constitution to free India. Present trends are also horrible as parading naked Dalit women for pretty crimes are common scenes in India. Hundred and thousand of such horrible crimes against Dalits can be quoted. When this all is going to stop on  high and low caste lines is no body’s guess.Let us now come to story of first Shaheed of Indian revolt 1857, who was hanged in full public view on   8th  April 1857.

Matadin Bhangi is said to be native of Meerut ( Uttar Pradesh). The undue harassment of Hindus forced exodus of his ancestors   from Meerut.  Many of them worked in military services.  Matadin belonging to Valmiki Samaj (Jaggosamaj You tube), He was  employee in the British  East  India Company armed forces. He was transferred to Barrakpur Cantonment near Calcutta now Kolkata. He was reported to be a technical   supervisor in the Barrakpur Ammunition factory. Matadin was strong in built up and was interested in wrestling.  He approached many upper caste wrestlers running Akaras  ( Gynmasium) but they all refused him to join  them due to his low caste  . In the 70 Battalion was posted a Muslim named Khalifa Islauddin, who was also a wrestler.  When Mata Din approached him, he agreed to take him as his disciple.  With regular practice Mata Din became an expert wrestler and later earned Rustame Hind Title. Matadin was there after was taken as Muslim by many people in the   factory.

 Sometime after  Mangal Pande a Brahmin  was also posted in Barrakpur Cantonment from Meerut. He was a wrestler and when he learnt about Matadin , he took his as Muslim. He wanted to have wrestling match with Matadin. Both were of same age group. In the match Matadin defeated Mangal Pandey.  Mangal Pande valued the superior wrestling techniques displayed by Matadin. Both developed nearness and both started playing friendly matches with Matadin to pick up experiences. Both were joining at meals also 

    Matadin’s wife Lajjo was also stated to be working in the cantonment. She had pretty fair colour and strong body with fine lovely  contours. One English officer in the factory wanted to develop relations with Lajjo . When Lajjo went to dust tent of   that European officer  he expressed his wish to Lajjo , saying since   Europeans  are owners of India along with  Indian men and women. They have right to use services of Indians as per their needs and wishes.  Lajjo did not like despite  European’s wishes. Lajjo told  the  European that they may be poor but they respect their dignity and honour the most. They earn their livelihood through hard labour and so do not indulge in undignified acts. Lajjo knew the secrets of making cartridges covers with mixed tallow of cow and pig.  She told both these things to her husband, who got furious with anger for both acts of Europeans. The Bhangi couple decided to teach a lesson to the Europeans. But when  Matadin expressed his apprehensions of hidden danger in doing do. Lajjo said there is nothing sacred than personal and Mother Land’s honour. She promised to stand by him in all dangers. Matadin agreed as he had got definite clue which will exploit religious sentiments of both Hindu and Muslim soldiers  which will be helpful to achieve their goal of freeing India from Britisher’s  slavery yoke.

Another story goes that Mangal Pandey informed the European officer super wrestling quality of his friend Matadin.  Later European officer put a challenge to Matadin to face and defeat him.  Matadin defeated the European wrestler This win of an Indian over European filled Indian spectators including Mangal Panday with unbound joy. They lifted Matadin on shoulders to celebrate the achievement of defeat of an European from Indian hands. Indians were dancing   to express their joy. This European disclosed to Mangal Pande  the low caste  as Bhangi of Matadin who till date took Matadin a Muslim.  Mangal Pande must have felt insulted to be friend with a Valmiki. Mangal Pande started to avoid Matadin and tried to keep distance.

 Matadin had planned to ignite rebellion in the platoon for which he had got a solid clue. One hot summer day Matadin when passing near Mangal Pandey place took water from a metallic brass pot of Pande . This made Pande furious telling Matadin , how he a Bhangi ,dared to touch his water pot. The water pot was polluted. The caste hate was such that if a Brahmin taking meals heard the voice of an untouchable outside, Brahmin stopped taking food , took bath and observed fast that day.

 On this Matadin told Mangal Pandey- “Bara awa hai Brahaman ka beta. Jin kartuson ka tum upayog karat ho, unpar gaaye or suar ki charbi lagawal jaat hai, jinhe tum apan daatun se torkar 9 banduk mein bharat ho. O samay tomhar jati aur dharam kahan jawat. Dhikkar tumhare is brahmanatwa ka " mearing “You claim to be a highly respectable Brahmin, but the cartridges which you bite with your teeth and insert in your guns, are all rubbed with the fat of cows and pigs. What happens to your caste and religion then? Curse on your Brahminism”. This taunting was taken seriously by Pande .  Words of Matadin spread in the cantonment  like wild fire. Sentiments of all Hindu- Muslim   employees were hurt by hidden act of Europeans in making cartridges. Hindus worshiped cow as Gayomata and Muslim hated pig. This plot of Matadin worked well to infuse hurting religion sentiments of both communities and was sure to cause a force full army rebellion. It succeeded like success in igniting the spark to free his mother land India from the British subjugation.

  Meerut army unit  commander, Colonel Carmichael Smyth on 24 April 1857,  paraded 90 Indian sepoys of the Bengal Cavalry who were mostly from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. He ordered them to fire the new Enfield cartridges: 85 soldiers refused to tear of the cartridges covering with paper that had to be torn off with teeth: Muslims believed the paper was greased with pig fat and Hindus, with cow. As per (THE OUTBREAK OF THE INDIAN MUTINY page 118  Published by: Society for Army Historical Research-ps://www.jstor.org/stable/44226277) this outbreak of upsurge was on  evening of  Sunday, 10^th May,1857.

Another source writes On March 29, 1857 Mangal Pandey  of  34th Native Infantry, shot at his sergeant-major on the parade ground. When the British adjutant rode over, Pande shot the horse out from under him and as the officer tried to extricate himself Pandey severely wounded him with a sword. Many other sepoys including Matadin Bhaghi were part of the first revolt.    

 Pandey along with others Indian soldiers including Matadin were also arrested and put in jail. SomeYou tube story teller says Matadin  disappeared from firing  scene and hide him somewhere. When Mangal Mandey was given severest possible torture, he disclosed the where about of hiding place of Matadin. Matadin was also arrested. A case was instituted in the court titled Matadin V/s Britishand others .  All accused were awarded Death by hanging. The date of execution was fixed 18 April. Anticipating a revolt, which had already spread  in many places, British authorities enhanced  execution date on April 8. They were hanged in full public view, to create in  public  fear psyche. The hero’s of first Rebellion of Indian freedom both 29 years old, scarified body mortal frames but making their memories  immortal .

   During interrogation the British had come to know that it was Matadin Bhangi who instigated Barrakpore cantonment sepoys to revolt. So British instituted court casetitled (Matadin V/s Britishand others ).  They hanged Matadin first and Mangal Pandey next to him. Although both of them and other martyr were equally great, but new findings tell,  Matadin was first martyr not Mangal Pandey. The biased Hindu historians made Mangal Panday as  freedom war hero and eliminated Matadin Bhangi from history pages.  This was greatest injustice done to those Dalits who sacrificed their  lives for a sacred cause. The caste monster nourished by caste Hindus   caused continuous heinous   pains to Dalits. This caste demon continued chasing Matadin’s shadow, when on Wednesday, 25April,2018 his memorial  in  Barrakpor cantonment  Board   park was vandalized,  bringing shame to whole nation.

 The grateful Nation shall continue respecting these men of past who got martyred for their motherland.

2271 words

Material Source

1.       THE OUTBREAK OF THE INDIAN MUTINY  Sunday,10 May,1857 Published by: Society for Army Historical Research  https://www.jstor.org/stable/44226277 Page -5

2.      Himayati, a Dalit literary magazine, in its May 1996 Dr. S.P Sumnakshar

3.      Dali Mahilayan by Dr. Manju Suman

4.      My Experiences and Memories of Dr.Baba Saheb Ambedkar 

5.      By Shankranand Shastri

6.      Jaggosamaj You tube

7.      Google--wikipedia

8.      Akhir Koun they Bhangi,Mehter Aur Valmiki

a.      from harsh30.wordpress.com( Nov. 15,2014)

9.      The 1857 Siege of Delhi, John H. Waller, Military History Magazine

10. Dalit Freedom Fighter by Mohandas Namishray

11. Dalit Dastavej     By M.R.Vidhrohi

Amar Shaheed Gangu Mehtar

Amar Shaheed Gangu Mehtar               

      Brief background of 1857 first freedom struggle:-

As per  Forward  to Dalit Dastavej Hindi book, by Shri Panna Lal president Dalit Sahitya Prakashan Sanstha New Delhi wrote that  as many as7782  Indian brave hearts  sacrificed their lives from ( 1857-1947) for the sake of Indian freedom. Among them were 5319 (68. 3%) Shudras (Now SCs, STs, OBC), 1084( 14%) Muslims and 1379 (17.7%) from other upper  castes.  Many of them got killed in active wars, for rebellion acts many were arrested put in jails, some died in jails others hanged after summery trials. The Caste Hindus did never support giving clean job employment to untouchable. But initially the British had no such restrictions on recruitments of untouchables. It was low caste soldiers recruited by British who fought for British to defeat Peshwas. During Peshwa Rule the Dalits faced sever caste atrocities. Later Dalits gave sever blows to British during 1875 rebellion.  The major factor was joint revolt of Dalit solders with caste Hindu soldiers. In Barakpur Military Cantonment one sepoy  Mangal Pandey  due to caste hate Reprimanded  Mata Din Bhangi  taking water from his pitcher. On this taunting rebuke  Mata Din Bhangi told Mangal Panday about why the  Hindu soliders were not opposing  the British for putting covering made from cow and pig fat over ammunition rounds. This fat cover was to be cut with mouth before firing the cartridge. This discloser worked to arouse religious hurt both in Hindu and Muslim religion persons. This became sparking point of sepoy’s rebellion ignited by Dalit Mehtar in which both Mangal Panday and Mata Din with other sepoys  came out of parade  on 1^st March,1857, and Mangal Pandey  fired on the Europeans.  They were arrested, summarily tried and done to death by handing.  Mangal Pandey was hanged  in Barrackpore cantonement near Calcutta now, Kolkata West Bengal on March 29, 1857. Many more got killed among whom were Chet Ram Jatav, Billu Mehtar who were tied alive with tree branched before shooting them by gun shots.

 But among the  various factors for failure of 1857 Sepoy Mutiny, the major were disunity among Indian rulers, Zamindars due to  their  varied  self interests .So some supported and joined this rebellion and those remained out. Also “ The Doctrine of Lapse”  endangered future of Indian rulers who if die as natural heirless could not nominate any of the relative of their choice to occupy his kingdom, instead the kingdom will be annexed  by the  Company regime. Between 1803 to  1858 over 30 states were annexed by the Company under this doctrine.  So many effected rulars, their heir apparent revolted. The Low caste people had no interest   other than the interests for mother land and standing loyal to their employees.                                                                                            When the British came to know support of Low Caste people  in the Sepoy Mutiny against them. The British  had change of heart  and planned to cause damage to these Low Caste Tribes. As the main stake of Dalits was military service to British. So the recruitment policy for armed forces was changed by the British  some time in 1880. The British divided Indians ethical races into martial and non- martial races. The majority of untouchables were classified as non martial races (Ashley Eden Commission 1879)  under terms of the Criminal Tribes Act 1871 . This made the life conditions of Dalit Tribes miserable as they were asked to  remain present in their local areas and to prove, they   had to  report periodically into respective  police stations. It was result of British thinking that during 1857 sepoy Mutiny , Low Caste  Hindu Soldiers fought with Indian rebellions and  caused maximum damages to the British forces. At the time of Indian independence in 1947, thirteen million people divided in 127 communities faced search and arrest if any member of the group was found outside the prescribed area .  Largely this divide for recruitment was based on social class and loyalty to the British Raj ( Ethinic group recruitment in Indian Army by Omar Khalid). Non Dalit castes  in majority remained loyal to the British  so enjoyed their favours. As this divide  was unnatural so had to be modified time and again when exigencies  so demanded. With broking out   WWI ( 1914) and WWII( 1939) British needed more die hard solders so lifted the ban on recruited against Low –Caste Hindus and utilized them for their benefits.  After WWI  Dalits were again  eased out of the British belt forces in large number. When  British again needed these brave warriors during WWII so recruited them. Advocate S. L. Virdi  from  Phagwara( Pb)  in his Punjabi Book “ Dalit Shaheedan Da Itihaas”  writes on page 190, “In case in the freedom struggle had Brahmins and Savarnas  also revolted against the British there must have been “ Criminal Brahmin Act” and Criminal Savarna Act”. Absence of any such Act clearly indicates that these people had earned good will of ruling British and never wanted to lose it by revolting against their masters.  Many Hindu kings, princes, knights Hindu Zamindar did not revolt but sided with Europeans. High caste politician, rich business or religious heads either sided with Europeans of kept silent which became a major cause  of defeat of Indian rebellions. They also kept criminal silence to say a word against Criminal Tribes Act 1871 , which effected only  poor Low Caste Indians Hindus. Hindu atrocities on untouchables continues unabated during all foreign invaders( 711 to 1947 AD) reigns including Europeans. It is not out of place to mention that British had a change of heart after 1857 rebellion but for betterment of upper caste Hindus.  In the year 1855 CSC ( Civil Services Commission)  was started later renamed ICS on the basis of competition. However  at that time no  Poor- Low- Caste could dream to enter education Institution, what to talk appearing for high grade  competition examinations like ICS. Shri Satyendranath Tagore  (1842 –1923) Bengali Brahmin Zamindar was first  Indian to succeeded in ICS (  Indian Civil Services) in 1863. Formation of Federal Public Service Commission, created avenues to enter superior services  by Indian. But this facility was solely for Caste Hindus only as no Dalits could dream to entry into these services as Manu have debarred them from entering any   Education institution. Also Naoroji ( 1825-1917) , a Gujrati Parsi became the first Indian MP in 1892 in the British Parliament. M.K. Gandhi wrote to Naoro ji in a letter of 1894 that "The Indians look up to you as children to the father. Despite my best efforts, I have failed to lay hand, if any of these persons inducted in superior services ever opposed the in human acts of British against Low Caste Hindus. In such circumstances one can draw the conclusion that the upper castes were hand in globe with British in perpetuation of miseries on Low caste Hindus.

                                     Dalit Martyr  Gangu Mehtar

       One among numerous Unsung Rebels Of 1857 sepoy Mutiny also called  First War of Indian independence  was  Amar Shaheed  Gangu  Mehter, who killed   with the assistance of  his wrestling disciples hundreds of the British soldiers.  Gangu Mehter was born in village Akbarpura then in   in Kanpur District. His ancestors worked as menial workers including job of Bhangies ( Sweepers,Scavenger). Due to exploitation, inhuman treatment and Begar ( Work without wages) of untouchables by upper caste Hindus, Gangu’s ancestors  migrated to Chunni Ganj also  in Kanpur District . Gangu Mehter was also named as Gangu Bhangi due to job parameters of cleaning,  Gangu Din as he  was disciple of a Muslim wrestler, Gangu Ustad as he himself had many wrestler disciples in his Akhara (gymnasium). He was strong but kind hearted. He remained ever ready to help a needy person.

 Being a Dalit so he had no right to  education, so he remained   illiterate.  He adopted the job of cleaning as his ancestors did.  So at time he had to carry even human excrete ( night soil )basket  on his head. This practice was reported existing in Lucknow by TOI 20 May, 2003.The "manual scavenging" is now illegal in all Indian states. Gangu was strong, brave and got observed in the army of Nana Sahib( 1824-59  AD).

As already  narrated above many Indian  Princely States were annexed by  the British under “ The Doctrine of Lapse”  After defeat of Marathas the last Peshwas ruler Bajirao-II( 1775-1851) surrendered before Sir John Malcolm( 1769-1833) East India Company administrator who exiled  him in 1818  to Bithur near Kanpur . He was also promised an annual pension of £80,000 (£100,000 according to some sources). Bijarao- II had married 11 times, 6 after coming to Bithur. Still he remained issueless. So he adopted Nana Saheb ( 1924-59) as his heir apparent. Ahter BijaraoII died in 1851the British refused to recognize Nan Saheh as heir. Nana Saheb decided to fight against British to retain his adopter’s state. For this he raised his armed force where Gangu Mehter was  got  recruited. In earlier days of his service Gangu  was made Bugle blower. Later due to his hard work and superior qualities of head and heart he was absorbed in main army. When Sepoy Mutiny erupted from Barakpur  chowani on  24^th May,1957 all effected Indian rulers joinedand Nana Saheb also joined the rebellion against the East India Company  forces. A fierce bettle was fought near Kanpur between Nana Saheb and European. At first Nana’s forced had some wins but   subsequently the superior armory and training of Europeans so Nana Saheb faced reverses.  After reverses Nana Saheb disappeared and was said to have gone to Nepal Hills in 1859.  Gangu with his many disciples killed hundreds of European soldiers which increased worries of the British commanders.

 The British had ordered to catch Gangu alive . This was to give severest punishment in public view to Gangu and his other associates to create fear psychopy    among Indian forces, so as to demoralize them. Gangu an expert horse rider fought for many days but was captured by the British forces. He this battle continued for somr more days the British were sure to get reverses.

 On being caught alive he was tied behind a horse and given a full round of Kanpur. There after ne was chained and put in a cell. The British  carried  a summery  court trial   of fabricated and  false  charges of killing infants and women,  against Gangu. The court sentenced Gangu to death by hanging.  Therefore on 8^th Sepember 1857 Ganu Mehter was hanged in a Kanpur Chowk in full public view. This way this brave Dalit attained Martyrism . The main slogan of Ganu while challenging British Forces was “Bharat Ki Mitti Mai Hamare Purvajon Ka Khoon wa Kunbani Ki Gandh Hai,Ekk Dinn Yeh Mulak Azad Hogga”   Meaning :  The Bhartiya soil emits  fragrance of  Martyrism and blood of our ancestors . One day this country will get freedom.

  Supreme Martyr Gangu sacrificed his life for freedom of his mother land. But the biased minded upper caste historians did not mention any thing along with thousands of other low caste martyrs. The history makers were made history less persons by ignoring  them with their useful contributions in history book. While describing biased attitudes of history writers in general Jean Henri Fabre (1823-1915) a French entomologist, physicist, chemist and botanist said that history recorded names of the royal bastards, but could not tell us the origin of wheatl The Low caste people were barred to get education due to Hindu Religion Law Codes/books.  After   education facilities were made available to Dalits, they studied many old records, research history papers written by Europeans and some other fair minded persons and found out many hidden facts about Dalit contributions for welfare of their Samaj, country. Many even get killed in actions or were sacrificed for small faults with any mention ant where. The Dalit writers   analyzed and searched records in libraries, museums, facts behind legendry, hearsay tales and rewrote large number factual history books.  The hate against low caste people continues even in Independent India but in a modified ways by some hard minded religious sycophants.Describing the contribution of Indians   for Indian soil and people  urdu poet Rahit Indori said  “सबका खून शामिल है वतन की मट्टी में, किसी के बाप का हिन्दुस्तान नहीं है’” Meaning:- The Indian soil contains mixture of blood of all Indian, so it does not belong to a few but all. Here in  India not only history writers but even government agencies  seem biased as this Dalit Hero sacrificed his life but the government had failed to raise any befitting memorial in his honour, not even a post stamp.

 My respectful salutes to the memory of revered Gangu Mehter supreme sacrifier for a sacred  cause.

                                                       Compiled by Er H.R.Phonsa

 Note:-I will apologise hand down to anyone who gives written proof of any existing memorial in the name of Amar Shaheed Gangu  Mehter anywhere in India.

 Material sourse

            1.   गंगू मेहतर: अंग्रेजों के खिलाफ विद्रोह करने वाले एक गुमनाम क्रांतिकारी!

 ---By                    Murari Tripathi ‘s write up dated 24 sep.2018   ( Hindi)

                               2. Dalit Shaheedan Da Itihas by S.L. Virdhi Advocate. ( Punjabi)

                              3.Dr. Ambedkar and His Associates by Er.H.R.Phonsa( English)

                              4.Google

                             a)  heritage times. in

                             b)shivia.com

                            c)www.youtube